Lecture 20: Thoracic Radiology Flashcards
What is the best method to assess a fractured rib?
CT
What can a fractured rib be associated with?
Pneumothorax/Hemothorax
Injuries to the spleen, liver, and kidney
What happens with a spontaneous pneumothorax?
Air leaks into cavity causing a lung collapse and compression of mediastinal structures and vessels
What happens with a tension pneumothorax?
Air enters thorax but cannot exit
Lung collapses and impairs venous return, leading to cardiac arrest
What can cause a pulmonary meniscus?
- pleural effusion > pleural cavity have accumulated fluids = surface tension between 2 different fluids in the cavity = meniscus
- mostly in costodiaphragmatic or costomediastinal recess
What is a coin sign?
Solitary, round, circumscribed shadows on x-ray, could be calcified
What can cause coin sign?
TB
Neoplasms
Cysts
Vascular anomalies
What are Kerley lines?
What is the difference between A and B?
Are seen when the interlobular septa in the pulmonary interstitium become prominent (compressed due to enlarged lymph nodes)
A: diagonal
B: horizontal
What can cause Kerley lines?
Pulmonary edema
Lymphoma and other cancers
Pneumonia
What is cardiac tamponade?
Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space. Compression of the ventricle, resulting in reduced ventricular filling and subsequent hemodynamic compromise
What can cause cardiac tamponade?
Neoplasms
Pericarditis
Effusion due to renal failure
Trauma
What are they symptoms of cardiac tamponade?
Beck’s Triad:
- Distant heart sounds
- Jugular distension
- Hypotension
- Signs of shock
