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ANAT1001 > Lecture 8: Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue? Briefly explain similarities and differences

A
  • Skeletal Muscle: movement of bones, striated, voluntary\
  • Cardiac Muscle: located in the heart only, striated (branching), involuntary
  • Smooth Muscle: outside walls of viscera, no striations, involuntary
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2
Q

Elaborate the process on how we move:

A

Skeletal muscle attaches to bones via tendons and pulls bone along the joint to produce movement.

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3
Q

In the appendicular skeleton what are the attachment points called:

A

Origin: Attached to the stationary bone

Insertion: Attached to the moveable bone

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4
Q

In the axial skeleton what are the attachment locations called.

A

Superior attachment: moveable bone

Inferior attachment: less mobile bone

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5
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscles:

A

→ Movement

→ Maintain posture

→ Protection

→ Regulation of waste products

→ Heat Production

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6
Q

What is the classification tree for a typical skeletal muscle:

A
  1. Myofilaments: actin and myosin
  2. myofibers: Muscle cells
  3. Fascicles: Bundles of myofibers
  4. Skeletal muscle: Group of fascicles.
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7
Q

Identify the connective tissue which surround the myofibers, fascicles, and fascicle bundles respectively.

A

Endomysium: CT around myofiber

Perimysium: CT around fascicle

Epimysium: CT around fascicle bundles

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of contraction: Name a scenario when this can occur:

A

Isometric Contraction: Tension = no change in muscle length (holding a baby)

Isotonic Contraction: Tension = change in muscle length (moving a baby up)

→ Concentric- muscle length decreases

→ Eccentric- muscle length increases

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9
Q

What are the three components of the lever system:

A

Fulcrum: fixed point which lever moves

Load: the force imbalance provided by either some weight or bone to oppose movement

Effort: Force provided by muscle which causes movement

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10
Q

What are the types of levers? Give examples.

A

First-Class Lever: L-F-E , either advantageous or disadvantageous (head movement)

Second-Class Lever : E-L-F, always advantageous (plantarflexion movement)

Third Class Lever F-E-L, Always disadvantageous (Lifting something with hand)

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11
Q

What are the classification of skeletal muscles?

A
  • Parallel
  • Fusiform
  • Circular
    • Triangular
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12
Q

What are the groupings for muscle coordination: Name one example

A

Agonist: Prime mover (contraction = movement) triceps brachii

Antagonist: Contraction opposes that of the agonist and allows for smoother movement : biceps brachii

Synergist: assist by contributing tension and stabilizing point of origin

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13
Q

Describe the pennate and classify:

A

Short fascicles which branch of the main tendon of the skeletal muscle:

Unipennate: Arranged in only one side of the tendon

Bipennate: Arranged on 2 sides of the tendon

Multipennate: Attached to tendon from many different directions

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14
Q

What is the innervation and function of the facial muscles.

A

Innvervated by the FACIAL NERVE

Function: Moves the skin (not bone) to produce facial expression

COMMON: Orbicularis Oris (mouth),,, Orbicularis oculi (eye),,, Nasalis

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15
Q

What is the innervation and function of the muscles of mastification

A
  • Innervated by the TRIGEMINAL NERVE
    • Function: Allow to chew (mastificate)
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16
Q

Identify the muscles and what they are used for

A

(superior → inferior)

Temporalis

Masseter

Used for mastification

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17
Q

Identify the muscles and what they are used for

A

(superior → Inferior)

Temporalis

Lateral pterygoid

Medial pterygoid

USED FOR MASTIFICATION

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18
Q

What is the innervation for the muscles of the abdomen and what are their function:

A

Innervated by thoracic spinal nerve

Function: Flexion of the trunk and support of viscera

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19
Q

Identify the important muscles and what they are used for:

A

RHS: top to bottom

Rectus Abdominis

Transverse abdominis

Internal Oblique

External Oblique

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20
Q

What is the innervation for the muscles of respiration and what is their function

A

Main Muscle is the Diaphragm which is innervated by the phrenic nerve.

Function: respiration by the flattening of its surface to increase thoracic cavity for respiration

21
Q

Identify the important muscles and what they are used for:

A

External Intercostals and Internal Intercostals:

Used in the muscles of respiration

22
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of the back, and what are their function?

A

Innervated by cervical, thoracic, spinal nerves,

Function: Erects the spine

23
Q

Identify the 3 main muscles and what they function to do.

A
  • Erector Spinae (left to right as seen posteriorly)

→Iliocostalis group

→longissimus group

→spinalis group

24
Q

Identify the main muscles of the pectoral girdle + thorax

A

LHS:

Deltoid

Pectoralis Major

Bicep brachii long head

bicep brachii short head

RHS:

Pectoralis Minor (deep)

25
Q

Identify the main muscles of the pectoral girdle + thorax

A

RHS:

Trapezius

Latissimus Dorsii

LHS:
Rhomboid Minor

Rhomboid Major

26
Q

What is the innervation and function of the upper limb (anterior compartment)

A

innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve

Function: Flexion of the arm

27
Q

Identify the important muscles and what they are used for

A

bicep brachii (long head)

bicep brachii (short head)

tricep brachii

28
Q

Identify the main muscles of the rotator cuff muscles:

A

Anterior view: Supraspinatus… subscapularis

Posterior View: Infraspinatus… Teres Minor

29
Q

What is the innervation of the Upper limb (posterior of arm) and function.

A

Innervated by the Radial Nerve.

Function: Extension of the arm

30
Q

Identify the important muscles and their function:

A

Top to Bottom:

Triceps Brachii → Long Head

→ Medial Head

→ Lateral Head

31
Q

What is the innervation and function of the upper limb (anterior compartment of forearm)

A

Innervated by the Median + Ulna Nerve

Function: Flexion of the wrist and fingers.

32
Q

Identify the Important muscles and their function:

A

Top to Bottom

Pronator Terres

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Palmaris Longus

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

33
Q

Identify the main muscle in charge of the flexion of the fingers

A

Flexor Digitorium Superficialis

34
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm and what is its function

A

Innervated by the Radial Nerve

Function: Extension of the wrist and fingers

35
Q

What is the antagonist muscle which controls the extension of the fingers

A

Extensor digitiorum

36
Q

What is the innervation of the hand and its function?

A

Innervated by the median + Ulnar nerve

Function: Fine movements of the finger

37
Q

What are the main muscles and what are their function?

A

RHS: Hypothenar Eminence

→ Flexor Digitorum minima brevis

→ Abuctor Digitorum minima

LHS: Thenar Eminence

→ Flexor pollicis brevis

→ Abductor pollicis brevis

38
Q

What is the function of the gluteal region, name all important muscles.

A

Function: extension of hip, thigh and external rotation

TOP TO BOTTOM
Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Maximus

39
Q

What is the innervation of the lower limb (anterior compartment of thigh) and its function:

A

Innervated by the Femoral Nerve

Function: extensions of the knee

40
Q

Identify the main muscles and label the function.

A

Left → Right

Vastus Lateralis

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Medialus

POSTERIOR: Vastus intermedius

41
Q

What is the innervation of the medial compartment of the thigh? Identify the function of these muscles.

A

Innervated by the obturator nerve:

Function: Adduction of the hip

42
Q

Identify the main muscles and label its function:

A

TOP TO BOTTOM

Adductor longus

Adductor magnus

Adduction of the hip

43
Q

What is the innervation of the lower limb (posterior compartment of the thigh)

A

Innervated by the Sciatic Nerve

Function: Extend the Hip and flexion of the knee

44
Q

Identify the main muscles and their function

A

Hamstring group: LEFT → RIGHT

  • semimembranous
  • semitendinous
  • bicep femoris long head
  • bicep femoris short head
45
Q

What is the innervation of the lower limb (anterior compartment of the leg). Identify the function:

A

Innervated by the deep fibular nerve

Function: Allows dorsiflexion

46
Q

Identify all the main muscles, and label its function.

A

Left → Right

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Tibialis anterior

47
Q

What is the innervation of the lower limb (lateral compartment of the leg), identify the function.

A

innervated by the superficial fibular nerve

function: Eversion of the foot

48
Q

Identify the main muscles and label its function:

A

Left → Right

  • Fibularis Longus
    • Fibularis Brevis
49
Q

what is the innervation of the lower limb (posterior compartment of the leg)

A

Innervated by the tibial nerve

Function: Plantarflexion

ANAT1001 (20 decks)

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