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Anatomy Exam 1: Lectures 1-7 > Lecture 8: Shoulder Complex and Joint > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Shoulder Complex and Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament do?

A

serves as the axis for elevation and depression and for the protraction and retraction
main check for elevation

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2
Q

infraspinatus distal attachment

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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3
Q

What are the structural classifications of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

synovial
shallow, saddle
articular disc

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4
Q

subscapularis proximal attachment

A

sub scapular fossa of scapula

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5
Q

What is a force couple?

A

two parallel forces, equal in magnitude but opposite direction acting on different points of the body a distance apart from each other

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6
Q

What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
costoclavicular ligaments
interclavicular ligament

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7
Q

pectoralis major action

A

adducts and medially rotates arm
clavicular head: flexes arm
sternal head: extends arm from flexed position
draws scapula inferiorly and anteriorly

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8
Q

What are the steps in arm abduction?

A

movement (searching) of scapula: serratus anterior clamps scapula to thoracic wall
snubbing of head and humorous into glenoid fossa: rotator cuff muscles
first few degrees of abduciton: supraspinatus
external rotation of humerus: infraspinatus

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9
Q

What muscle helps with extension of the shoulder?

A

posterior deltoid and latissimus dorsi.

Teres major and minor, infraspinatus, sternal head of pectoralis major, and triceps longus assists.

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10
Q

What are the contents of the quadrilateral space?

A

axillary nerve

posterior circumflex humeral artery

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11
Q

rhomboids blood supply

A

dorsal scapular artery

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12
Q

serratus anterior innervation

A

long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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13
Q

supraspinatus innervation

A

supra scapular nerve

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14
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

fibrocartilage meniscus

deepens articulating surface of glenoid fossa

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15
Q

supraspinatus action

A

works with delta in abduction of humerus, its with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint

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16
Q

teres minor distal attachment

A

inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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17
Q

teres minor proximal attachment

A

middle part of lateral border of scapula

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18
Q

What is the sensory supply to the shoulder?

A

supraclavicular nerves and cutaneous branches of dorsal rami

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19
Q

What shoulder muscles depress the scapula?

A

latissimus dorsi

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21
Q

rhomboids innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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22
Q

Describe the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint.

A

very lax

up to an inch of passive distraction

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23
Q

subclavius innervation

A

nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

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24
Q

pectoralis minor action

A

draws scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall (stabilizes scapula)

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25
Q

teres major blood supply

A

circumflex scapular artery

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26
latissimus dorsi innervation
thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
27
What are the structural classifications of the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial | plane
30
What are the movements of the acromioclavicular joint?
scapular rotations (around AP axis) wining of vertebral border of scapula (around vertical axis) Tipping of inferior angle of scapula (around coronal axis)
30
What are the articulating bones of the glenohumeral joint?
glenoid fossa of scapula | head of humerus
31
What does an articular disc attach to?
clavicle superiorly | manubrium and first costal cartilage inferiorly
32
teres major innervation
lower sub scapular nerve (c5, c6)
33
latissimus dorsi distal attachment
floor of intertubercular groove
35
What shoulder muscles abduct the scapula?
serratus anterior
36
pectoralis major innervation
lateral and medial pectoral nerves clavicular head: C5, C6 sternal head: C7, C8, T1
37
subclavius action
anchors and depresses clavicle
38
supraspinatus proximal attachment
supraspinous fossa of scapula
39
What does the anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligament do?
check anterior/ posterior movements of clavicular head
40
upper distal attachment of trapezius
lateral third of ventricle
41
What are the functional classifications of the glenohumeral joint?
``` triaxial diarthrotic flexion/extension abduction/adduction circumduction lateral/medial rotation of arm/humerus ```
43
What shoulder muscles abduct the shoulder?
middle deltoid | biceps brachii assits
44
subscapularis innervation
upper and lower sub scapular nerves
45
What are the scapulohumeral muscles?
deltoid teres major serrates anterior
46
rhomboids distal attachment
medial border of scapula from level of the spine inferiorly to the inferior angle
47
middle distal attachment of trapezius
acromion and crest of scapular spine
47
middle action of trapezius
adducts (retracts) scapula
48
How does deltoid paralysis occur?
Damage to axillary nerve
49
infraspinatus innervation
supra scapular nerve
50
infraspinatus action
laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place
51
serratus anterior distal attachment
anterior surface of medial border of scapula
52
What are the articulating bones of the acromioclavicular joint?
concave facet on acromion process (scapula) | convex facet on lateral end of clavicle
53
Ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?
glenohumeral ligament coracohumeral ligament coracoacromial ligament
55
What is an articular disc?
fibrocartilage meniscus
56
Middle proximal attachment of trapezius
spinous processes of TV 1-6
57
Movements of the glenohumeral joint.
flexion/extension of brachium abduction/adduction of brachium lateral/medial rotation of brachium
57
lower distal attachment of trapezius
tubercle of scapular spine
58
What muscles help with flexion of the shoulder?
anterior deltoid | clavicular head of pectoralis major, coracobrachialis and biceps brachii assists
59
latissimus dorsi action
extends, adducts, and internally rotates the humerus
61
Describe the scapulothoracic joint
not a true anatomic joint, represented by sliding of scapula on thoracic cage
62
Describe the supraclavicular nerves.
from cervical plexus C3-4 supply skin over clavicle and over the superior lateral aspect of pectoralis major
63
levator scapulae innervation
cervical nerves C3-5 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
64
What muscle is most torn in the rotator cuff?
supraspinatus
65
What are the structural classifications of the glenohumeral joint?
synovial | ball and socket
66
supraspinatus distal attachment
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
67
What does the acromioclavicular ligaments do on the acromioclavicular joint?
reinforce the joint capsule
68
latissimus dorsi proximal attachment
spines of TV 7-12 and lumbar and sacral vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia; posterior iliac crest and ribs 9-12
69
supraspinatus blood supply
supra scapular artery
71
serratus anterior action
protracts scapula, fixes scapula to thoracic wall, rotates scapula
73
What do the anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments do?
reinforce the capsule and check anterior-posteiro movement of the clavicular head
74
What does the coracoacromial arch do?
prevent superior dislocation of the humeral had and also protects head of humerus from a downward directed blow
75
trapezius blood supply
dorsal scapular artery
75
pectoralis major sternal head origin
anterior surface of the manubrium and body of the sternum | aponeurosis of the external oblique
76
What are the functional classifications of the sternoclavicular joint?
diarthrotic | triaxial
77
What shoulder muscle does upward rotation of the scapula?
serratus anterior | upper and lower trapezius
78
Lower proximal attachment of trapezius
spinous processes of TV 7-12
78
levator scapulae proximal attachment
transverse processes of CV 1-4
79
teres minor innervation
axillary nerve
80
What are the boundaries of the quadrilateral space?
inferior glenohumeral capsule teres major triceps longus surgical neck of humerus
83
What do the superior/inferior acromioclavicular ligaments do?
weak, reinforce the joint capsule
84
What are the articulating bones of the sternoclavicular joint?
articular notch of sternum sternal end of clavicle first costal cartilage
84
Ligaments of acromioclavicular joint?
superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments | trapezoid (lateral) and conoid (medial) coracoclavicular ligaments
86
pectoralis minor origin
ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages
87
What does the costoclavicular ligament do?
axis for elevation and depression axis for protraction and retraction main check for elevation
87
pectoralis minor innervation
medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
88
infraspinatus proximal attachment
infraspinous fossa of scapula
89
teres minor blood supply
circumflex scapular artery
90
What is scapulohumeral rhythm?
relatively uninterrupted movement of upper extremity from dependent position to full abduction requires simultaneous and coordinated movements of shoulder joints
91
teres major action
adducts and medially rotates humerus
92
deltoid innervation
axillary neve (c5, c6)
93
latissimus dorsi blood supply
thoracodorsal artery and a branch of the sub scapular artery
94
rhomboids proximal attachment
spines of CV 7 and TV 1 and lower end of ligamentum nuchae (minor) spines of TV 2-4 (major) (sometimes TV5)
94
pectoralis minor insertion
coracoid process
95
subclavius origin
junction of first rib and costal cartilage 1
95
serratus anterior proximal attachment
external surface of lateral parts of ribs 1-8
96
Describe the cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami.
penetrate deep and superficial back muscles | supply skin on either side of midline of back
97
teres major distal attachment
medial lip of inter tubercular groove of humerus
99
pectoralis major clavicular head origin
anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle
99
deltoid blood supply
deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
100
What does the coracoclavicular ligament do?
provides joint stability and is stronger than the clavicle itself
101
upper action of trapezius
elevates scapula (shrugs shoulders)
101
levator scapulae blood supply
dorsal scapular artery
102
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
103
subscapularis blood supply
supra scapular artery
106
Upper proximal attachment of trapezius
external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of CV 7
106
subclavius insertion
inferior surface of middle third clavicle
106
What shoulder muscles downward rotate the scapula?
rhomboids | levator scapulae
107
How does serratus anterior paralysis occur?
long thoracic nerve damage
108
teres major proximal attachment
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
110
serratus anterior blood supply
lateral thoracic artery
111
teres minor action
laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place
112
What are the functional classifications of the acromioclavicular joint?
triaxial diarthrotic gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle
112
levator scapulae distal attachment
medial border of scapula at level of and above the spine
112
deltoid distal attachment
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
112
infraspinatus blood supply
supra scapular artery
113
deltoid proximal attachment
lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
114
pectoralis major insertion
lateral lip of the inter tubercular groove (bicipital groove)= crest of greater tubercle
116
What are the components of the coracoacromial arch?
acromion process, coracoid process, coracoacromial ligament
117
levator scapulae action
elevates the scapula at the superior (medial) angle and assists in the downward rotation of the scapula
119
subscapularis action
medially rotates and adducts humerus | helps hold humeral head in place
121
What shoulder muscles elevate the scapula?
levator scapulae and rhomboids
122
deltoid action
flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates humerus
123
How does the upper and lower trapezius work to form a force couple that is capable of rotating the humerus?
work as force couple to upwardly rotate the scapula
124
Trapezius innervation
CN XI and ventral rami of 3rd and 4th cervical nerves
124
lower action of trapezius
depresses scapula
124
rhomboids action
adducts scapula, rotates glenoid fossa downward, fixes scapula to thoracic wall
124
subscapularis distal attachment
lesser tubercle of humerus

Anatomy Exam 1: Lectures 1-7 (9 decks)

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