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Anatomy Exam 1: Lectures 1-7 > Lecture 8: Shoulder Complex and Joint > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Shoulder Complex and Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament do?

A

serves as the axis for elevation and depression and for the protraction and retraction
main check for elevation

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2
Q

infraspinatus distal attachment

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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3
Q

What are the structural classifications of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

synovial
shallow, saddle
articular disc

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4
Q

subscapularis proximal attachment

A

sub scapular fossa of scapula

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5
Q

What is a force couple?

A

two parallel forces, equal in magnitude but opposite direction acting on different points of the body a distance apart from each other

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6
Q

What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
costoclavicular ligaments
interclavicular ligament

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7
Q

pectoralis major action

A

adducts and medially rotates arm
clavicular head: flexes arm
sternal head: extends arm from flexed position
draws scapula inferiorly and anteriorly

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8
Q

What are the steps in arm abduction?

A

movement (searching) of scapula: serratus anterior clamps scapula to thoracic wall
snubbing of head and humorous into glenoid fossa: rotator cuff muscles
first few degrees of abduciton: supraspinatus
external rotation of humerus: infraspinatus

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9
Q

What muscle helps with extension of the shoulder?

A

posterior deltoid and latissimus dorsi.

Teres major and minor, infraspinatus, sternal head of pectoralis major, and triceps longus assists.

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10
Q

What are the contents of the quadrilateral space?

A

axillary nerve

posterior circumflex humeral artery

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11
Q

rhomboids blood supply

A

dorsal scapular artery

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12
Q

serratus anterior innervation

A

long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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13
Q

supraspinatus innervation

A

supra scapular nerve

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14
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

fibrocartilage meniscus

deepens articulating surface of glenoid fossa

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15
Q

supraspinatus action

A

works with delta in abduction of humerus, its with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint

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16
Q

teres minor distal attachment

A

inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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17
Q

teres minor proximal attachment

A

middle part of lateral border of scapula

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18
Q

What is the sensory supply to the shoulder?

A

supraclavicular nerves and cutaneous branches of dorsal rami

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19
Q

What shoulder muscles depress the scapula?

A

latissimus dorsi

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21
Q

rhomboids innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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22
Q

Describe the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint.

A

very lax

up to an inch of passive distraction

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23
Q

subclavius innervation

A

nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

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24
Q

pectoralis minor action

A

draws scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall (stabilizes scapula)

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25
Q

teres major blood supply

A

circumflex scapular artery

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26
Q

latissimus dorsi innervation

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

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27
Q

What are the structural classifications of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

synovial

plane

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30
Q

What are the movements of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

scapular rotations (around AP axis)
wining of vertebral border of scapula (around vertical axis)
Tipping of inferior angle of scapula (around coronal axis)

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30
Q

What are the articulating bones of the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenoid fossa of scapula

head of humerus

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31
Q

What does an articular disc attach to?

A

clavicle superiorly

manubrium and first costal cartilage inferiorly

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32
Q

teres major innervation

A

lower sub scapular nerve (c5, c6)

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33
Q

latissimus dorsi distal attachment

A

floor of intertubercular groove

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35
Q

What shoulder muscles abduct the scapula?

A

serratus anterior

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36
Q

pectoralis major innervation

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves
clavicular head: C5, C6
sternal head: C7, C8, T1

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37
Q

subclavius action

A

anchors and depresses clavicle

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38
Q

supraspinatus proximal attachment

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

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39
Q

What does the anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligament do?

A

check anterior/ posterior movements of clavicular head

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40
Q

upper distal attachment of trapezius

A

lateral third of ventricle

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41
Q

What are the functional classifications of the glenohumeral joint?

A 
triaxial
diarthrotic 
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction
lateral/medial rotation of arm/humerus
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43
Q

What shoulder muscles abduct the shoulder?

A

middle deltoid

biceps brachii assits

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44
Q

subscapularis innervation

A

upper and lower sub scapular nerves

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45
Q

What are the scapulohumeral muscles?

A

deltoid
teres major
serrates anterior

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46
Q

rhomboids distal attachment

A

medial border of scapula from level of the spine inferiorly to the inferior angle

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47
Q

middle distal attachment of trapezius

A

acromion and crest of scapular spine

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47
Q

middle action of trapezius

A

adducts (retracts) scapula

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48
Q

How does deltoid paralysis occur?

A

Damage to axillary nerve

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49
Q

infraspinatus innervation

A

supra scapular nerve

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50
Q

infraspinatus action

A

laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place

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51
Q

serratus anterior distal attachment

A

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

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52
Q

What are the articulating bones of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

concave facet on acromion process (scapula)

convex facet on lateral end of clavicle

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53
Q

Ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenohumeral ligament
coracohumeral ligament
coracoacromial ligament

55
Q

What is an articular disc?

A

fibrocartilage meniscus

56
Q

Middle proximal attachment of trapezius

A

spinous processes of TV 1-6

57
Q

Movements of the glenohumeral joint.

A

flexion/extension of brachium
abduction/adduction of brachium
lateral/medial rotation of brachium

57
Q

lower distal attachment of trapezius

A

tubercle of scapular spine

58
Q

What muscles help with flexion of the shoulder?

A

anterior deltoid

clavicular head of pectoralis major, coracobrachialis and biceps brachii assists

59
Q

latissimus dorsi action

A

extends, adducts, and internally rotates the humerus

61
Q

Describe the scapulothoracic joint

A

not a true anatomic joint, represented by sliding of scapula on thoracic cage

62
Q

Describe the supraclavicular nerves.

A

from cervical plexus
C3-4
supply skin over clavicle and over the superior lateral aspect of pectoralis major

63
Q

levator scapulae innervation

A

cervical nerves C3-5 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

64
Q

What muscle is most torn in the rotator cuff?

A

supraspinatus

65
Q

What are the structural classifications of the glenohumeral joint?

A

synovial

ball and socket

66
Q

supraspinatus distal attachment

A

superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

67
Q

What does the acromioclavicular ligaments do on the acromioclavicular joint?

A

reinforce the joint capsule

68
Q

latissimus dorsi proximal attachment

A

spines of TV 7-12 and lumbar and sacral vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia; posterior iliac crest and ribs 9-12

69
Q

supraspinatus blood supply

A

supra scapular artery

71
Q

serratus anterior action

A

protracts scapula, fixes scapula to thoracic wall, rotates scapula

73
Q

What do the anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments do?

A

reinforce the capsule and check anterior-posteiro movement of the clavicular head

74
Q

What does the coracoacromial arch do?

A

prevent superior dislocation of the humeral had and also protects head of humerus from a downward directed blow

75
Q

trapezius blood supply

A

dorsal scapular artery

75
Q

pectoralis major sternal head origin

A

anterior surface of the manubrium and body of the sternum

aponeurosis of the external oblique

76
Q

What are the functional classifications of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

diarthrotic

triaxial

77
Q

What shoulder muscle does upward rotation of the scapula?

A

serratus anterior

upper and lower trapezius

78
Q

Lower proximal attachment of trapezius

A

spinous processes of TV 7-12

78
Q

levator scapulae proximal attachment

A

transverse processes of CV 1-4

79
Q

teres minor innervation

A

axillary nerve

80
Q

What are the boundaries of the quadrilateral space?

A

inferior glenohumeral capsule
teres major
triceps longus
surgical neck of humerus

83
Q

What do the superior/inferior acromioclavicular ligaments do?

A

weak, reinforce the joint capsule

84
Q

What are the articulating bones of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

articular notch of sternum
sternal end of clavicle
first costal cartilage

84
Q

Ligaments of acromioclavicular joint?

A

superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments

trapezoid (lateral) and conoid (medial) coracoclavicular ligaments

86
Q

pectoralis minor origin

A

ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages

87
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament do?

A

axis for elevation and depression
axis for protraction and retraction
main check for elevation

87
Q

pectoralis minor innervation

A

medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

88
Q

infraspinatus proximal attachment

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

89
Q

teres minor blood supply

A

circumflex scapular artery

90
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

relatively uninterrupted movement of upper extremity from dependent position to full abduction
requires simultaneous and coordinated movements of shoulder joints

91
Q

teres major action

A

adducts and medially rotates humerus

92
Q

deltoid innervation

A

axillary neve (c5, c6)

93
Q

latissimus dorsi blood supply

A

thoracodorsal artery and a branch of the sub scapular artery

94
Q

rhomboids proximal attachment

A

spines of CV 7 and TV 1 and lower end of ligamentum nuchae (minor)
spines of TV 2-4 (major) (sometimes TV5)

94
Q

pectoralis minor insertion

A

coracoid process

95
Q

subclavius origin

A

junction of first rib and costal cartilage 1

95
Q

serratus anterior proximal attachment

A

external surface of lateral parts of ribs 1-8

96
Q

Describe the cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami.

A

penetrate deep and superficial back muscles

supply skin on either side of midline of back

97
Q

teres major distal attachment

A

medial lip of inter tubercular groove of humerus

99
Q

pectoralis major clavicular head origin

A

anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle

99
Q

deltoid blood supply

A

deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery

100
Q

What does the coracoclavicular ligament do?

A

provides joint stability and is stronger than the clavicle itself

101
Q

upper action of trapezius

A

elevates scapula (shrugs shoulders)

101
Q

levator scapulae blood supply

A

dorsal scapular artery

102
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

103
Q

subscapularis blood supply

A

supra scapular artery

106
Q

Upper proximal attachment of trapezius

A

external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of CV 7

106
Q

subclavius insertion

A

inferior surface of middle third clavicle

106
Q

What shoulder muscles downward rotate the scapula?

A

rhomboids

levator scapulae

107
Q

How does serratus anterior paralysis occur?

A

long thoracic nerve damage

108
Q

teres major proximal attachment

A

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

110
Q

serratus anterior blood supply

A

lateral thoracic artery

111
Q

teres minor action

A

laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place

112
Q

What are the functional classifications of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

triaxial
diarthrotic
gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle

112
Q

levator scapulae distal attachment

A

medial border of scapula at level of and above the spine

112
Q

deltoid distal attachment

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

112
Q

infraspinatus blood supply

A

supra scapular artery

113
Q

deltoid proximal attachment

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

114
Q

pectoralis major insertion

A

lateral lip of the inter tubercular groove (bicipital groove)= crest of greater tubercle

116
Q

What are the components of the coracoacromial arch?

A

acromion process, coracoid process, coracoacromial ligament

117
Q

levator scapulae action

A

elevates the scapula at the superior (medial) angle and assists in the downward rotation of the scapula

119
Q

subscapularis action

A

medially rotates and adducts humerus

helps hold humeral head in place

121
Q

What shoulder muscles elevate the scapula?

A

levator scapulae and rhomboids

122
Q

deltoid action

A

flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates humerus

123
Q

How does the upper and lower trapezius work to form a force couple that is capable of rotating the humerus?

A

work as force couple to upwardly rotate the scapula

124
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

CN XI and ventral rami of 3rd and 4th cervical nerves

124
Q

lower action of trapezius

A

depresses scapula

124
Q

rhomboids action

A

adducts scapula, rotates glenoid fossa downward, fixes scapula to thoracic wall

124
Q

subscapularis distal attachment

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

Anatomy Exam 1: Lectures 1-7 (9 decks)

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