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Anatomy Exam 1: Lectures 1-7 > Exam 1 Review Questions > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial-caudal and left-right axes define which of the following kinds of planes? A: coronal B: Sagittal C: parasagittal D: transverse

A

A. coronal

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2
Q

A median-sagittal plane is described by which of the following two intersecting axes? A. cranial caudal and the left-right axes B. cranial caudal and the anterior-posterior axes C. left-right and the anterior-posterior axes D. none of the above

A

B. cranial caudal and the anterior-posterior axes

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3
Q

While standing in the anatomical position, the palms of the hand are supinated. A. True B. False

A

A. true

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4
Q

Which of the following organs would NOT be seen in a mid- sagittal section of the human body? A. heart B. lungs C. intestine D. transverse colon E. brain

A

B. lungs (anything paired is not seen in midsagittal section)

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5
Q

The anterior-posterior axis serves for the axis of rotation for which of the following movement pairs? A. Flexion-extension B. Abduction-adduction C. Circumduction D. Pronation-supination

A

B. Abduction-adduction

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6
Q

The axis of rotation for flexion and extension is…? A. longitudinal or cranial-caudal B. left-right or transverse C. anterior-posterior D. none of the above

A

B. left-right or transverse

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7
Q

The epidermis can best be described as what class of epithelium? A. Stratified cuboidal B. Simple columnar C. Stratified squamous D. Transitional

A

C. Stratified squamous

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8
Q

Which of the following pairs of terms describes the epidermis? A. vascularized–innervated B. avascular–not innervated C. vasacularized–not innervated D. avascular–innervated

A

D. avascular–innervated

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9
Q

“Oil glands” (sebaceous glands) secreting their product directly into the hair follicle are classified with regard to their method of secretion by which of the following terms? A. Sudoriferous B. Eccrine C. Merocrine D. Holocrine E. Apocrine

A

D. Holocrine

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10
Q

White fibrous (dense regular) connective tissue is characterized by highly ordered bundles of collagen fibers separated by narrow compressed nuclei. This type of connective tissue would be most characteristic of which of the following anatomical structures? A. The matrix of organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes B. Tendons and ligaments C. Tunica adventitia of blood vessels D. Umbilical cord

A

B. Tendons and ligaments

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11
Q

Wharton’s jelly is an example of which category of connective tissue? A. Special B. Areolar C. Embryonic D. Adult E. Cartilaginous

A

C. Embryonic

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12
Q

Which of the following types of glycosaminoglycans is the largest of the GAGS, is the only GAG which lacks sulfate groups, and is present in nearly all connective tissues? A. Hyaluronic acid B. Heparin C. Chondroitin sulfate D. Keratan sulfate

A

A. Hyaluronic acid

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13
Q

Cells that initially lay down cartilage matrix are best identified as which of the following? A. Chondroclasts B. Osteoclasts C. Chondroblasts D. Chondrocytes E. Fibroblasts

A

C. Chondroblasts

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14
Q

Which of the following groups of cells are capable of breaking down bone matrix? A. Chondroclasts B. Osteoclasts C. Chondroblasts D. Chondrocytes E. Fibroblasts

A

B. Osteoclasts

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15
Q

Which of the following would NOT be classified as a long bone? A. femur B. humerus C. ulna D. calcaneus E. radius

A

D. calcaneus

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16
Q

The patella is an example of which of the following types of bones? A. short B. long C. irregular D. sesamoid

A

D. sesamoid

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17
Q

The joint between a tooth and its socket is best described by which of the following? A. condyloid B. suture C. fibrous D. syndesmosis E. both B and C

A

C. fibrous

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18
Q

Which of the following types of joints is an example of a diarthrosis joint? A. condyloid B. suture C. gomphosis D. syndesmosis E. bothBandC

A

A. condyloid

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19
Q

In a diarthrosis, which component is more vascularized than the others? A. outer fibrous capsule B. articular cartilage C. ligaments D. synovial membrane

A

D. synovial membrane

20
Q

During arm (humerus) abduction, the serratus anterior clamps the scapula against the thoracic wall, thereby providing a stable base for the movement of the glenohumeral joint. While engaged in this activity, the serratus anterior muscle would best be described by which of the following terms? A. Agonist B. Antagonist C. Fixator D. Synergist

A

C. Fixator

21
Q

Sequentially flexing, abducting, extending, and adducting your arm (brachium) in such a manner that the elbow describes a circular pattern is referred to by which of the following terms? A. Rotation B. Supination C. Circumduction D. Reposition E. Protraction

A

C. Circumduction

22
Q

A muscle contraction that results in the lengthening of a muscle would best be described as which of the following? A. concentric B. eccentric C. isometric D. bothAandB E. bothBandC

A

B. eccentric

23
Q

The connective tissue membrane that surrounds each fascicle of a skeletal muscle and physically supports blood vessels and nerves supplying the fascicles is referred to by which of the following terms? A. Perimysium B. Endomysium C. Epimysium D. Endotendineum

A

A. Perimysium

24
Q

During the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber, which band(s) DOES/DO shorten? A. The I band only B. The A band only C. The H band only D. Both the I and the A bands E. Both the I bands and the H bands

A

E. Both the I bands and the H bands

25
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding fast- twitch muscle fibers? A. Fast-twitch fibers have fewer mitochondria than slow-switch fibers. B. Fast-twitch fibers have less myoglobin than slow-switch fibers. C. Fast-twitch fibers are more fatigue-resistant than slow-switch fibers. D. Fast-twitch fibers primarily utilize glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation. E. Fast-twitch fibers have more ATPase than slow-switch fibers.

A

C. Fast-twitch fibers are more fatigue-resistant than slow-switch fibers.

26
Q

Which muscle is contained within the superficial cervical fascia? A. Latissimus dorsi B. Platysma C. Pectoralis major D. Pectoralis minor E. Axillary muscle

A

B. Platysma

27
Q

The diagram below illustrates the lateral cervical triangle. The posterior border of the triangle is marked by the red star, which indicates which of the following muscle landmarks? A. Anterior border of the trapezius B. Posterior border of the trapezius C. Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid D. Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid E. Anterior border of the anterior scalene

A

A. Anterior border of the trapezius

28
Q

The axilla is generally described as a truncated pyramid with a quadrangular base. The anterior and posterior borders can be palpated and are created by muscles. The anterior border (anterior axillary fold) of the base of the axilla is formed by which of the following muscles or muscle groups? A. Pectoralis major B. Latissimus dorsi C. Latissimus dorsi and teres major D. Pectoralis minor E. Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

A

A. Pectoralis major

29
Q

The cranial end of the embryonic neural tube becomes subdivided into five subdivisions, each of which forms specific parts of the adult brain. The thalamus is derived from which of the following subdivisions? A. Telencephalon B. Diencephalon C. Mesencephalon D. Metencephalon E. Myelencephalon

A

B. Diencephalon

30
Q

Which of the following terms refers to an aggregation of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses in the central nervous system? A. synapse B. ganglion C. nerve D. nucleus

A

D. nucleus

31
Q

A bundle of axons in the central nervous system is referred to by which of the following terms? A. Nucleus B. Tract C. Ganglion D. Nerve E. Gray matter

A

B. Tract

32
Q

Pre-ganglionic autonomic fibers are carried in the: A. White rami communicantes B. Gray rami communicantes C. Dorsal spinal roots D. Spinal nerves E. BothBandD

A

A. White rami communicantes

33
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human vertebral column? A. five B. six C. seven D. eight E. nine

A

C. seven

34
Q

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are present in the human? A. five B. six C. seven D. eight E. nine

A

D. eight

35
Q

Which of the following are/is NOT found in the axillary sheath? A. Axillary artery B. Axillary vein C. Axillary lymph nodes D. Cords of brachial plexus

A

C. Axillary lymph nodes

36
Q

The roots of C7 and T1 unite to form the: A. Middle trunk B. Lower trunk C. Upper trunk D. None of the above

A

D. None of the above

37
Q

The lateral cord is formed by the union of the anterior divisions of which of the following trunks? A. middle trunk B. upper (superior) trunk C. lower (lower) trunk D. BothAandC E. BothAandB

A

E. BothAandB

38
Q

The anterior compartment of the arm (brachium) contains the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles. Which of the following nerves of the brachial plexus supplies the anterior brachium? A. Ulnar nerve B. Median nerve C. Radial nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve E. Axillary nerve

A

D. Musculocutaneous nerve

39
Q

This posterior compartment of the brachium (arm) contains the triceps complex. Which of the following nerves supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the brachium? A. Ulnar nerve B. Median nerve C. Radial nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve E. Axillary nerve

A

C. Radial nerve

40
Q

Which of the following nerves carries fibers only from spinal cord levels C8, and T1? A. radial B. ulnar C. musculocutaneous D. axillary E. lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

A

B. ulnar

41
Q

Which of the following nerves are terminal branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? A. Median and ulnar B. Radial and ulnar C. Axillary and radial D. Long thoracic and medial E. Ulnar and axillary

A

C. Axillary and radial

42
Q

The suprascapular nerve is a direct branch from which of the following subdivisions of the brachial plexus? A. Root of C5 B. Superior trunk C. Middle trunk D. Lateral cord E. Medial cord

A

B. Superior trunk

43
Q

The sternal angle marks the union of the manubrium and sternebrae. It can be used to identify the location of which of the following landmarks? A. Clavicular-manubrium joint B. Site of the first ribs C. Site of the second ribs D. Site of the third ribs E. The apex of the hear

A

C. Site of the second ribs

44
Q

The head of the radius articulates with which of the following landmarks? A. Capitulum of the humerus B. Scaphoid and lunate bones of the carpus C. Trochlea of the humerus D. Fovea of the trochlear process

A

A. Capitulum of the humerus

45
Q

Which of the following descriptions best describes the attachments of the interosseous membrane of the forearm? A. Medial side of radius and medial side of ulna B. Medial side of radius and lateral side of ulna C. Lateral side of radius and lateral side of ulna D. Lateral side of radius and medial side of ulna

A

B. Medial side of radius and lateral side of ulna

46
Q

Origins of which of the following muscles lie superior and inferior to the spiral (radial) groove of the humerus? A. Biceps B. Brachialis C. Triceps D. Deltoid

A

C. Triceps

47
Q

Which of the following landmarks on the scapula serves as the site of origin for the long head of the biceps brachii? A. Infraglenoid tubercle B. Supraglenoid tubercle C. Scapular tuberosity D. Coracoid process

A

B. Supraglenoid tubercle

Anatomy Exam 1: Lectures 1-7 (9 decks)

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