Lecture 5: Axilla, Lateral Cervical Triangle Flashcards
What are the bones of the pectoral region?
Clavicles
Sternum: manubrium, body, xiphoid
Ribs
Scapula
What are the functions of fascia in the pectoral region?
Defines borders
Invests muscles
Creates potential spaces
What are the structures associated with the superficial fascia?
Platysma
Supraclavicular nerves
Anterior and lateral branches of intercostal nerves
What are the borders of the delta pectoral triangle?
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Middle 1/3 of clavicle
What are the contents of the delta pectoral triangle?
Cephalic vein
Deltopectoral lymph nodes
Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
What is the clavipectoral fascia?
Invests subclavius and pectoralis minor
Attaches to clavicle and anterior thoracic wall
What pierces the clavipectoral fascia?
Cephalic vein, thoracoacromial and lateral pectoral nerves
What does the clavipectoral fascia turn into?
suspensory ligament of the axilla
What are the muscles of the pectoral region?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius
Serrates anterior
What are the muscles of the pectoral region innervated by?
ventral rami of spinal nerves via the branches of the brachial plexus
What does the superficial fascia of the neck contain?
platysma, superficial veins, cutaneous nerves
What does the prevertebral fascia cover?
Muscles of the lateral triangle
Where the prevertebral fascia extend?
around anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae across anterior midline
What is the anterior boundary of the lateral cervical triangle?
posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
What is the posterior boundary of the lateral cervical triangle?
anterior border of the trapezius
What is the inferior boundary of the lateral cervical triangle?
clavicle
What is the roof boundary of the lateral cervical triangle?
skin, superficial layer of deep cervical fascia (investing fascia)
splits to enclose trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
What are the muscles of the lateral cervical triangle?
Splenius capitis Levator scapulae Scalenus posterior Scalenus medius Scalenus anterior Omohyoid
What are the vascular and nerve contents of the lateral cervical triangle?
Lesser occipital nerve (C2) Supraclavicular nerve (C3, 4) Accessory nerve (CN XI): to trapezius and SCM Occipital artery Transverse cervical artery Subclavian vein Subclavian artery External jugular vein
Describe the spinal root of the spinal accessory nerve
Arises form C1-C5
Fibers pass superiorly through foramen magnum and join cranial root
Where does the cranial root of the spinal accessory nerve arise from?
arises from medulla
What does the spinal root fo the accessory nerve innervate?
SCM and trapezius
What are the boundaries of the base of the axilla?
Posterior: latissimus dorsi
Medial: thoracic wall
Lateral: humorous
What are the boundaries of the apex of the axilla?
Anterior: clavicle
Posterior: superior border of the scapula
Medial: first rib
What is in the base of the axilla?
Skin and superficial fascia, anterior axillary fold, posterior axillary fold, chest wall: serrates anterior
What is in the anterior wall of the axilla?
Clavicle
Subclavius
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
What is in the posterior wall of the axilla?
Scapula
Subscapularis
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
What is in the lateral wall of the axilla?
Inter tubercular sulcus
Tendon of long head of biceps
Coracobrachilais tendon
What muscle makes up the anterior axillary fold?
pectoralis major
What muscles makes up the posterior axillary fold?
Latissimus dorsi, teres major
Major nerves and vessels in the axilla?
Axillary vein and artery Cephalic vein and basilic vein Axillary lymph nodes Long thoracic nerve Cords of brachial plexus Proximal ends of terminal nerves of brachial plexus
