Lecture 6: Nervous System Introduction, Brachial Plexus Flashcards
What are the functions of the nervous system?
sensory
motor
cognitive
What is the central nervous system?
unpaired, bilaterally symmetrical structures extending along the longitudinal axis of the midsagittal plane of the body.
What structure arises directly from the neural tube?
Central nervous system
What makes up the CNS?
brain and spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system?
made up of transmission pathways carrying information between the CNS and external/internal environments
What does the afferent pathway do?
carry information to the CNS (sensory)
What does the efferent pathway do?
Carry information from the CNS (motor)
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
What is the autonomic nervous system?
Entirely motor, innervates smooth muscle and glands
What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic or parasympathetic
What are the stages of neural tube development?
neural plate, neural folds, neural tube
What are the subdivisions of the cranial end of the neural tube?
tripartite brain and pentapartite brain
What are the stages of the brain development?
prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
What are the parts of the prosencephalon?
telencephalon and diencephalon
What are the parts of the rhombencephalon?
mesencephalon and myelencephalon
What are the derivatives of the telencephalon?
lateral ventricles, basal ganglia, olfactory lobes and nerves, cerebral hemispheres
What are the derivatives of the diencephalon?
third ventricle, epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus and infundibulum
What are the derivatives of the mesencephalon?
cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius), tectum: corpora bigemina in lower vertebraes corpora quadrigemina in higher vertebraes, tegmentum
What are the derivatives of the metencephalon?
part of fourth ventricle, cerebellum, pons
What are the derivatives of the myencephalon?
rest of fourth ventricle, medulla oblongata, posterior choroid plexus
nucleus
aggregation of dendrites and nerve cell bodies in CNS
ganglion
aggregation of dendrites and nerve cell bodies in PNS
nerve
bundle of fibers (axons) in PNS
tract
bundle of fibers (axons) in CNS
commissure
tract in the CNS that crosses from one side to the other
white matter
areas of myelinated axons
gray mattera
areas of unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, and dendrites
What are spinal nerve branches?
dorsal primary ramus, ventral primary ramus, ramus reccurrens, white ramus communicans and gray ramus communicans
What fibers make up the autonomic nervous system?
paravertebral ganglion, splanchnic nerve, prevertebral ganglion
What are the contents of the axillary sheath?
axillary artery, axillary vein, brachial plexus
What makes up the reflex arc?
afferent (sensory) pathways, efferent (motor) pathways, association neurons (interneurons)
What makes up the synapse?
presynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic membrane
What does dorsal mean?
posterior
What does ventral mean?
anterior
What are the horns of a spinal cord?
gray matter
What are the columns of the spinal cord?
white matter
Where does the dorsal scapular nerve go to?
rhomboids
Where does the long thoracic nerve go to?
serratus anterior
Where does the supra scapular nerve go to?
supraspinatus and infraspinatus
Where does the lateral pectoral nerve go to?
clavicular head of pectoralis major muscle
Where does the medial pectoral nerve go to?
sternal head of pectoralis major muscle and pectoralis minor
Where does the subscapualris nerve go to?
subscapularis
Where does the thoracodorsal nerve go to?
latissimus dorsi
Where does the lower subscapula nerve go to?
subscapuarlis and teres major
Where does motor branches of the axillary nerve go to?
deltoid and teres mino
Where does sensory branches of the axillary nerve go to?
skin on deltoid muscles, upper lateral cutaneous nerve
Where does the motor branches of the radial nerve go to?
posterior compartment of arm and forearm
Where doe the sensory branches of the radial nerve go to?
back of arm, forearm, hand
