lecture 8 - physical activity beh and adherence Flashcards
what are demographic correlates and determinants?
Racial, gender, educational, income, health, age and occupation
Generally speaking, white, male, educated, higher income, younger, and ‘ white collar’ workers are more physically active
However – only correlational; causation unknown
Bad health only demographic determinant
what are psychological correlates and determinants?
Psychological constructs critical in influencing physical activity
self-efficacy, intention, control and perceived fitness all considered determinants
Other important psychological constructs include outcome expectations, stress, perceived barriers to exercise, lack of time and fear of symptoms
what are behavioural correlates and determinants?
Interestingly, adult physical activity habits appears key in relation to adoption and adherence
Child habits less important – if don’t exercise as a child then less likely to pick up as an adult – not true
Other important variables are diet, past exercise programme participation and stage of beh change
what are social correlates and determinants?
Pregnancy/having a child – key social determinant
Social support and physician presence important, but only at a correlational level
what are environmental correlates and determinants?
Current evidence suggests environmental factors do not directly influence physical activity levels
However, they are correlated wih physical activity
Specifically, accessibility, pavements, aesthetics, land-use mix, safety and location are important
what are considerations?
intensity, difficult to find time and inclination, importance of self pace
evaluation of exercise correlates:
Correlates are limited
Determinants highlight mechanisms
Practically important
Interactional
Individual differences
Need to be considered in conjunction with theory
what are behavioural based approaches?
expectation and responsibilities, creates goals, and make explicit commitments to exercise
what are reinforcement based approaches
Charting attendance and participation
Rewarding attendance and participation
Self-monitoring
Feedback
what are cog-beh approaches?
Goal setting which is flexible, intrinsic, and process focused
Association and disassociation
Association = focusing internally (e.g., on perceived fatigue)
Disassociation = focusing externally (e.g., on surroundings)
Dissociation related to higher adherence
what are decision making approaches?
weigh up pros and cons
what are social support approaches?
Reminders to exercise (verbally and physically)
Modelling – seeing others successfully exercise
Positive reinforcement via encouragement and post exercise feedback
Practical assistance via lending equipment and transporting to facilities
support from friends and family
what are ethnic minorities issues?
racism, lang barrier, poor organisational set up
what are ethnic minorities solutions?
community partnerships, facilitative attendance, culturally adaptive materials
what are low socioeconomic status issues?
financial, transport and accessibility
