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Human Anatomy - Muscular System > Lecture 8 - Neuroanatomy: Brachial Plexus & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Neuroanatomy: Brachial Plexus & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What does Innervation mean?

A
  • means nerve “in”
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2
Q

What do nerves do?

A
  • they supply sensory and motor nerves in the upper limb
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3
Q

What are nerve roots?

A
  • Paired branches that leave the spinal cord at each vertebral segment
  • Exit spinal column through the intervertebral foramen
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4
Q

What 2 fibres are nerve roots comprised of?

A
  • Efferent (motor) fibres
  • Afferent (sensory) fires
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5
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A
  • Plexus = network of nerves or vessels in the body that have web-like formation
  • Formed by anterior rami of nerve roots (C4-T1)
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6
Q

What are the 5 terminal nerves of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • axillary nerve
  • radial nerve
  • median nerve
  • ulnar nerve
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7
Q

What is the Musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • its root is the ventral rami of C5, C6, & C7
  • it Innervates muscles of the anterior brachium:
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis
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8
Q

What is the axillary nerve?

A
  • it roots at the ventral rami of C5 & C6 & continues as the smaller branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
  • it Innervates the deltoid & the teres minor
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9
Q

What is the radial nerve?

A
  • it roots from C5, C6, C7, & C8
  • it Innervates the triceps brachii, brachioradialis & muscles of the posterior forearm
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10
Q

What is the median nerve?

A
  • it roots from C6, C7, C8, & T1
  • it Innervates most muscles of the forearm like the Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmarus longus, flexor digitorum profundus & superficialis
  • also Innervates hand muscles like lumbricals (1 & 2), & the thenar group
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11
Q

What is the ulnar nerve?

A
  • it roots from the C7, C8, & T1
  • it Innervates median muscles of the forearm like the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus (medial half), the hypothenar group, lumbricals (3 & 4), & the interossei (dorsal & palmer)
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12
Q

What are the 9 peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus?

A
  • long thoracic nerve
  • dorsal scapular nerve
  • nerve to subclavius
  • suprascapular nerve
  • lateral pectoral nerve
  • medial pectoral nerve
  • upper subscapular nerve
  • lower subscapular nerve
  • Thoracodorsal nerve
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13
Q

What is the long thoracic nerve?

A
  • originates at the anterior rami of C5, C6, & C7
  • Innervates the Serratus anterior
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14
Q

What is the dorsal scapular nerve?

A
  • originates at the ventral rami of C4 & C5
  • Innervates the rhomboids major/minor & the levator scapulae
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15
Q

What is the nerve to subclavius?

A
  • originates at C5 & C6
  • Innervates the subclavius muscle
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16
Q

What is the suprascapular nerve?

A
  • originates in the nerve roots of C5 & C6
  • it goes through the scapular notch
  • Innervates the Supraspinatus & infraspinatus
17
Q

What is the lateral pectoral nerve?

A
  • originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, containing fibres from C5, C6, & C7
  • Innervates the Pectoralis major
18
Q

What is the medial pectoral nerve?

A
  • originates from the medial cord of the brachial plexus, containing fibres from C8 & T1
  • Innervates the Pectoralis major & minor
19
Q

What is the upper subscapular nerve?

A
  • originates from the ventral rami of C5 & C6
  • Innervates the subscapularis muscle
20
Q

What is the lower subscapular nerve?

A
  • originates from the ventral rami of C5 & C6
  • Innervates the subscapularis muscle & the teres major
21
Q

What is the Thoracodorsal nerve?

A
  • originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, containing fibres of C6, C7, & C8
  • Innervates the latissimus dorsi
22
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A
  • 12
23
Q

What is the olfactory nerve?

A
  • the 1st cranial nerve (CN I); also the shortest sensory nerve in your body
  • part of your autonomic nervous system
  • enables your sense of smell
24
Q

What is the optic nerve?

A
  • known as the 2nd cranial nerve (CNII); optic means vision
  • transmits sensory information for vision in the form of electrical impulses from the eye to the brain
25
Q

What is the oculomotor nerve?

A
  • the 3rd cranial nerve (CNIII); motion of the eye
  • Innervation of eye muscles for for gaze fixation and eye tracking (somatic motor)
  • Innervation to the lens and pupil (autonomic parasympathetic)
  • Innervation to the upper eyelid (somatic motor)
26
Q

What is the trochlear nerve?

A
  • the 4th Cranial Nerve (CNIV); with the longest intracranial course, but also the thinnest
  • trochlear means “pulley” (lift the eye)
  • enables movement in the eye’s superior oblique muscle
  • This makes it possible to look down & to move your eyes toward your nose or away from it
27
Q

What is the Trigeminal nerve?

A
  • the 5th cranial nerve (CN V); the largest of the cranial nerves
  • Its primary function is to provide sensory innervation to the face
28
Q

What is the abducens nerve?

A
  • the 6th cranial nerve (CN VI); is purely a somatic motor nerve, It has no sensory function
  • It is responsible for the abduction of the eyes on the same (ipsilateral) side
29
Q

What is the facial nerve?

A
  • the 7th cranial nerve (CN VII); carries nerve fibers that control facial movement and expression
  • also carries nerves that are involved in taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and producing tears (lacrimal gland)
30
Q

What is the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Is the 8th cranial nerve (CN VIII); consists of the vestibular and cochlear nerves

  • Each nerve has distinct nuclei within the brainstem
  • The vestibular nerve is primarily responsible for maintaining body balance and eye movements
  • the cochlear nerve is responsible for hearing
31
Q

What is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A
  • is the 9th cranial nerve (CN IX); It provides motor, parasympathetic and sensory information to your mouth and throat
  • the nerve helps raise part of your throat, enabling swallowing.
32
Q

What is the vagus nerve?

A
  • is the 10th cranial nerve (CN X); This system controls specific body functions such as your digestion, heart rate and immune system
  • These functions are involuntary, meaning you can’t consciously control them
33
Q

What is the accessory nerve?

A
  • is the 11th cranial nerve (CN XI); main functions are contracting the trapezius muscle and the sternocleidomastoid
34
Q

What is the hypoglossal nerve?

A
  • is the 12th cranial nerve (CN XII); hypo’ meaning under, and ‘glossal’ meaning tongue
  • The nerve has a purely somatic motor function, innervating all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Human Anatomy - Muscular System (13 decks)

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