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Anatomy (MPAS) > Lecture 8: Neck > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of neck

A

External occipital protuberance

Tip of mastoid process

Spinous process of C7 vertebra

Acromion

Clavicle

Suprasternal notch

Inferior border of mandible

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2
Q

Function fo cervical vertebral column

A

Mobile rod of cervical vertebrae

Attachment points for muscles and fascia

Casing for vertebral artery and spinal cord

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3
Q

Movements of cervical vertebra

A

Retroflexion

Anteflexion

Sideflexion

See figure

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4
Q

What bones for the antlanto-occipital and the atlanta-axial joints?

A

AO joint: occipital bone and atlas

AA joint: Atlas and axis

See figure

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5
Q

Anterior pre vertebral muscles

A

Longus colli: Flexes neck (anterior or lateral)

Longus capitis: Flexion of head on neck (anterior or lateral)

Rectus capitis (ant,,lat.): Anterior flexes neck laterally, Lateral flexes head and stabilizes it

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6
Q

Lateral pre vertebral muscles

A

Anterior scalenus: Flexes neck laterally

Med scalenus: Flexes neck laterally

Post scalenus: Flexes neck laterally

See figure

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7
Q

Plastyma

A

Mimetic muscle of neck

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8
Q

Which nerve innervates the plastyma?

A

CN VII

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9
Q

Fascial layers of neck

A

Pretracheal layer (muscular portion)

Investing layer

Carotid sheath

Prevertebral layer

Pretracheal layer (Visceral portion)

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10
Q

What structures are inside the carotid sheath?

A

Internal carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

Vagus nerve

See figure

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11
Q

Anterior triangle borders

A

Anterior edge of sternocleidomastoid

Midline of neck

Mandible

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12
Q

Posterior triangle borders

A

Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Clavicle

Trapezius

See figure

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13
Q

Content of posterior triangle of neck

A

Brachial plexus

Vagal nerve

Sympathetic trunk

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14
Q

What muscles do the brachial plexus pass through?

A

The scalene muscles

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15
Q

Roots of brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

See figure

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16
Q

What do the brachial plexus innervate?

A

Shoulder and upper extremity

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17
Q

Succession of branches of brachial plexus

A

Roots -> Trunks -> Divisions -> Cords

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18
Q

Branches of brachial plexus

A

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

Radial nerve

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19
Q

Biggest cranial nerve

A

Vagus

20
Q

What does the vagus nerve innervate?

A

Muscles in neck

ANS system of heart, lungs, GI, liver, kidney, colon, small intestine

21
Q

Ganglion of cervical sympathetic trunk

A

Superior, middle and inferior sympathetic ganglion

22
Q

Location of cervical sympathetic trunk

A

On top of the anterior scalene

23
Q

What does cervical sympathetic trunk innervate?

A

Upper extremities, head, neck, heart

24
Q

Function of cervical sympathetic system

A

Antagonizes the parasympathetic system

25
Q

Content of the anterior triangle

A

Hyoid bone with supra- and infra-hyoid muscles

Larynx

Thyroid gland and parathyroid glands

26
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Diastric

Stylohyoid

Genohyoid

Mylohyoid

See figure

27
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid

Omohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

See figure

28
Q

Innervation of suprahyoid

A

Anterior digastric: CN V3

Posterior digastric, stylohyoid: CN VII

Mylohyoid: CN V3

Genohyoid: C1

29
Q

Composition of larynx

A

Cartilage

Ligaments

Membranes

Muscles

30
Q

What are the cartilaginous laryngeal structures?

A

Epiglottis

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

2x Arytenoid cartilages

See figure

31
Q

Innervation of infrahyoid muscles

A

Ansa cervicalis

32
Q

Vestibular fold function

A

No role in sound production

Play protective function

33
Q

Composition of vocal folds

A

Vocal ligament, consisting of thickened elastic tissue that is the medial free edge of the conus elasticus

Vocalis muscle, composed of exceptionally fine muscle fibers immediately lateral to and terminating at intervals relative to the length of the vocal ligaments

34
Q

Glottic spaces of larynx

A

Supraglottic space

Transglottic space

Subglottic space

See figure

35
Q

Vocal and vestibular ligaments

A

See figure

36
Q

Which laryngeal muscles abduct the vocal cords?

A

Paired posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

Open the airways

All other laryngeal muscles adduct the vocal cords and close the airways

37
Q

Muscles that move laryngeal cartilage

A

Cricothyroid muscles (lengthen vocal cords)

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles (abduction of vocal cords)

Lateral cricoarytenoid (adduction of vocal cords)

Transverse arytenoid muscle (adduction of vocal cords)

Vocalis (shortening/ (relaxation of vocal folds)

Thyroarytenoid muscles (shortening/ relaxation of vocal folds)

38
Q

Indirect laryngoscopy and positions of vocal folds

A

See figure

39
Q

Swallowing stages and larynx

A

See figure

a) Food enters oral cavity, mastication and bolus formation
b) Tongue elevates and propels bolus to pharynx, soft palate elevates to seal nasopharynx
c) Larynx and hyoid bone move anterior and upward, epiglottis moves posteriorly and downwards (closes), respiration stops
d) Pharynx shortens, upper esophageal sphincter relaxes, bolus passes to esophagus

e-f) Esophageal sphincter relaxes

Bolus reaches stomach

40
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

See figure

41
Q

Main arterial branches of thyrocervical trunk

A

Inferior thyroid artery

Transverse cervical artery

Suprascapular artery

42
Q

Arterial blood supply of thyroid

A

Superior thyroid artery

Inferior thyroid artery

See figure

43
Q

Venous blood supply of thyroid gland

A

Superior thyroid vein

Middle thyroid vein

Inferior thyroid vein

See figure

44
Q

What nerve innervates all intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Branch of vagus nerve

EXCEPTION: does not innervate cricothyroid muscle

45
Q

What can be injured during operations of thyroid gland?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

See figure

46
Q

Blood supply of head and neck

A

Carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

Anatomy (MPAS) (22 decks)

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