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Anatomy (MPAS) > Lecture 7: Oral and nasal cavities and pharynx > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Oral and nasal cavities and pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Bone and cartilage of the nose

A

Vomer, ethmoid and nasal bones are involved

See figure

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2
Q

What are the three nasal passageways? What are their function?

A

Superior, middle and inferior nasal concha

Increase the surface area of the mucous, and regulate temperature of air

See figure

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3
Q

What processes olfactory input?

A

Telencephalon

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4
Q

What can happen if there is swelling of nasal mucosa?

A

Nasal passages can be blocked

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5
Q

Rhinoscopy view of backside of nasal cavity

A

See figure

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6
Q

Where does the arterial blood supply for the nasal cavity derive from?

A

External carotid artery - maxillary artery

Internal carotid artery - ophthalmic artery

See figure

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7
Q

Where does venous blood from the nose drain?

A

Into cranial cavity, nasopharynx and lips

See figure

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8
Q

What are anastomosis?

A

Interactions between branches of internal carotid artery and external carotid artery

Can be important clinically, because an exterior injury may be transmitted to inside brain

See figure

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9
Q

What are the ligation sites in the external carotid artery important for?

A

Maxillary artery

External carotid artery

Controlling hemorrhage

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10
Q

What is the significance of the kisselbach’s area?

A

Nose bleeds

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11
Q

Sensory innervation of the nasal cavity

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Ophtalmic division

Maxillary division

See figure

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12
Q

Gland innervation of nasal cavity

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic)

Superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic)

See figure

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13
Q

Olfactory sensation innervation

A

Olfactory bulb

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14
Q

Importance of ciribriform plate of ehtmoid

A

Supports olfactory bulb, which sends axons through the plate to detect odours

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15
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal sinus

Ethmoid sinus

Sphenoid sinus

Maxillary sinus

See figures

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16
Q

Drainage of sinuses

A

Drainage beneath the middle nasal concha: frontal (1), anterior ethmoidal (3) and maxillary sinus (4) drain through the hiatus semilunaris into the middle nasal passage

Nasolacrimal duct opens into the lower nasal passage via lacrimal fold (2)

Posterior ethmoidal (5) and sphenoid sinus (6) drain posterior to the superior nasal concha

See figure

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17
Q

Healthy sinuses vs mucous filled

A

See figure

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18
Q

How do sinuses change with age?

A

Increase with age

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19
Q

Clinical significance of sinuses

A

When someone has a blockage that does not allow drainage of maxillary sinus

Endoscopy to remove fluid

20
Q

Dentition and formation of maxillary sinuses

A

In a child, the adult teeth are waiting above primary teeth

As child ages, baby teeth are replaced

21
Q

Oral cavity

A

See figure

22
Q

Primary teeth

A

20

See figure

23
Q

Permanent teeth

A

32

See figure

24
Q

What provides sensory innervation to teeth? Blood supply?

A

Trigeminal nerve (CNV)

Maxillary branch (CNV2): upper row of teeth

Mandibular branch (CNV3): lower row of teeth

The superior and inferior alveolar arteries branch off the maxillary artery and supply blood to the teeth in the upper and lower jaw, respectively.

See figure

25
Q

Anatomy of tooth

A

Corona dentis

Cervix dentis

Radix dentist

Enamel

Dentium

Periodental ligaments

See figure

26
Q

Function of periodontal ligaments

A

Keep tooth in suspension

27
Q

Soft and hard palate

A

See figure

28
Q

Innervation of hard and soft palate

A

See figure

29
Q

Role of soft palate

A

Stops fluids from going into nasal cavity

30
Q

How are taste qualities distributed on tongue?

A

Bitter

Sour

Salty

Sweet

See figure

31
Q

Surface papillae structure

A

Circumvallate: back of tongue. Large, flat-topped, surrounded by deep trenches. Walls of trenches have taste buds

Filliform: middle of tongue. Long, numerous, threadlike, scaly, sensitive to touch

Foliate: small, lateral folds

Fungiform: mushroom shaped

See figure

32
Q

Which papillary structures do not have taste buds?

A

All have taste buds except filiform papillae

33
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and their functions?

A

Superior longitudinal: downward vaulting

Transverse muscle of tongue: stretching

Vertical muscle of tongue: flattening and furrowing

See figure

34
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their functions?

A

Genioglossus (CNXII): anterior movement, sticking out tongue

Styloglossus (CNXII): Retraction of tongue

Hypoglossus (CNXII): Rotation of tongue and flattening of posterior tongue region

Palatoglossus (CNIX+X): Closure of isthmus faucium, lowering of palatine velum

See figure

35
Q

Innervation of intrinsic muscles of tongue

A

CNXII

36
Q

Innervation of tongue

A

Vagus nerve (CNX) - superior laryngeal nerve: sensory and taste

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) - Tonsillar branches: sensory

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) - lingual branches: sensory and taste

Trigeminal nerve (CNV) - lingual nerve: sensory

Facial nerve (CNVIII) - chord tympani: taste and PSNS

See figure

37
Q

Blood supply of tongue

A

Lingual artery: branches into deep lingual artery, sublingual artery and submittal artery

Lingual vein

See figure

38
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia of the head regulating the activity of the large salivary glands

A

Otic ganglion: Parotid gland

Sublingual ganglion: Sublingual gland

Submandibular gland: Submandibular Gland

See figure

39
Q

Lymphatic drainage of tongue

A

Submental lymphnodes

Submandibular lymphnodes

See figure

40
Q

Clinical significance of lymphatic drainage of tongue

A

Potential sites of lymphatic metastasis

41
Q

tonsils of Waldeyer lymphatic ring

A

Part of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

pharyngeal (adenoid)

palatine

lingual

see figure

42
Q

What are the three floors of the pharynx?

A

Naso-

Oro-

Layngo-

See figure

43
Q

Muscles of pharynx

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

44
Q

Major nerves at back side of pharyngeal muscular tube

A

Accessory nerve, external branch

Hypoglossal nerve

Sympathetic trunk

Vagus nerve

See figure

45
Q

Major blood vessels at back of pharyngeal muscular tube

A

Internal jugular vein

Carotid artery

Anatomy (MPAS) (22 decks)

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