Lecture 7: Oral and nasal cavities and pharynx Flashcards
Bone and cartilage of the nose
Vomer, ethmoid and nasal bones are involved
See figure
What are the three nasal passageways? What are their function?
Superior, middle and inferior nasal concha
Increase the surface area of the mucous, and regulate temperature of air
See figure
What processes olfactory input?
Telencephalon
What can happen if there is swelling of nasal mucosa?
Nasal passages can be blocked
Rhinoscopy view of backside of nasal cavity
See figure
Where does the arterial blood supply for the nasal cavity derive from?
External carotid artery - maxillary artery
Internal carotid artery - ophthalmic artery
See figure
Where does venous blood from the nose drain?
Into cranial cavity, nasopharynx and lips
See figure
What are anastomosis?
Interactions between branches of internal carotid artery and external carotid artery
Can be important clinically, because an exterior injury may be transmitted to inside brain
See figure
What are the ligation sites in the external carotid artery important for?
Maxillary artery
External carotid artery
Controlling hemorrhage
What is the significance of the kisselbach’s area?
Nose bleeds
Sensory innervation of the nasal cavity
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Ophtalmic division
Maxillary division
See figure
Gland innervation of nasal cavity
Pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic)
Superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic)
See figure
Olfactory sensation innervation
Olfactory bulb
Importance of ciribriform plate of ehtmoid
Supports olfactory bulb, which sends axons through the plate to detect odours
What are the paranasal sinuses?
Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus
See figures
Drainage of sinuses
Drainage beneath the middle nasal concha: frontal (1), anterior ethmoidal (3) and maxillary sinus (4) drain through the hiatus semilunaris into the middle nasal passage
Nasolacrimal duct opens into the lower nasal passage via lacrimal fold (2)
Posterior ethmoidal (5) and sphenoid sinus (6) drain posterior to the superior nasal concha
See figure
Healthy sinuses vs mucous filled
See figure
How do sinuses change with age?
Increase with age
Clinical significance of sinuses
When someone has a blockage that does not allow drainage of maxillary sinus
Endoscopy to remove fluid
Dentition and formation of maxillary sinuses
In a child, the adult teeth are waiting above primary teeth
As child ages, baby teeth are replaced
Oral cavity
See figure
Primary teeth
20
See figure
Permanent teeth
32
See figure
What provides sensory innervation to teeth? Blood supply?
Trigeminal nerve (CNV)
Maxillary branch (CNV2): upper row of teeth
Mandibular branch (CNV3): lower row of teeth
The superior and inferior alveolar arteries branch off the maxillary artery and supply blood to the teeth in the upper and lower jaw, respectively.
See figure
Anatomy of tooth
Corona dentis
Cervix dentis
Radix dentist
Enamel
Dentium
Periodental ligaments
See figure
Function of periodontal ligaments
Keep tooth in suspension
Soft and hard palate
See figure
Innervation of hard and soft palate
See figure
Role of soft palate
Stops fluids from going into nasal cavity
How are taste qualities distributed on tongue?
Bitter
Sour
Salty
Sweet
See figure
Surface papillae structure
Circumvallate: back of tongue. Large, flat-topped, surrounded by deep trenches. Walls of trenches have taste buds
Filliform: middle of tongue. Long, numerous, threadlike, scaly, sensitive to touch
Foliate: small, lateral folds
Fungiform: mushroom shaped
See figure
Which papillary structures do not have taste buds?
All have taste buds except filiform papillae
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and their functions?
Superior longitudinal: downward vaulting
Transverse muscle of tongue: stretching
Vertical muscle of tongue: flattening and furrowing
See figure
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their functions?
Genioglossus (CNXII): anterior movement, sticking out tongue
Styloglossus (CNXII): Retraction of tongue
Hypoglossus (CNXII): Rotation of tongue and flattening of posterior tongue region
Palatoglossus (CNIX+X): Closure of isthmus faucium, lowering of palatine velum
See figure
Innervation of intrinsic muscles of tongue
CNXII
Innervation of tongue
Vagus nerve (CNX) - superior laryngeal nerve: sensory and taste
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) - Tonsillar branches: sensory
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) - lingual branches: sensory and taste
Trigeminal nerve (CNV) - lingual nerve: sensory
Facial nerve (CNVIII) - chord tympani: taste and PSNS
See figure
Blood supply of tongue
Lingual artery: branches into deep lingual artery, sublingual artery and submittal artery
Lingual vein
See figure
Parasympathetic ganglia of the head regulating the activity of the large salivary glands
Otic ganglion: Parotid gland
Sublingual ganglion: Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland: Submandibular Gland
See figure
Lymphatic drainage of tongue
Submental lymphnodes
Submandibular lymphnodes
See figure
Clinical significance of lymphatic drainage of tongue
Potential sites of lymphatic metastasis
tonsils of Waldeyer lymphatic ring
Part of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
pharyngeal (adenoid)
palatine
lingual
see figure
What are the three floors of the pharynx?
Naso-
Oro-
Layngo-
See figure
Muscles of pharynx
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Major nerves at back side of pharyngeal muscular tube
Accessory nerve, external branch
Hypoglossal nerve
Sympathetic trunk
Vagus nerve
See figure
Major blood vessels at back of pharyngeal muscular tube
Internal jugular vein
Carotid artery
