Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy (MPAS) > Lecture 6: Skull, face, ear and eye > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Skull, face, ear and eye Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones compose the skull?

A

22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many bones are in the neurocranium?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many bones are in the viscerocranium?

A

Facial bones

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bones of the neurocranium

A

Parietal (paired)

Temporal (paired)

Frontal

Occipital

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

See figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Paired bones of viscerocranium

A
  1. Nasal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Lacrimal
  4. Maxilla
  5. Inferior conchae
  6. Palatine

See figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Singluar bones of viscerocranium

A

Vomer

Mandibula

See figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are muscles of facial expression innervated by? Where does it exit?

A

Cranial nerve VII

Stylomastoid formaen, protected by mastoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Major muscles of facial expression

A

Note: 17 muscles total

Orbicularis oris

Orbicularis oculi

Buccinator

Frontalis

See figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of orbicularis oris

A

Sphincter of mouth

Works with buccinator and tongue to keep food between the teeth during mastication

Protrudes lips (kissing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of buccinator

A

Works with orbicularis oris and tongue to keep food between the teeth during mastication

Presses teeth against molar teeth: active during sucking, blowing, whistling

Active in smiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of orbicularis oculi

A

Closes the eyelids

Assists the flow of lacrimal fluid (tears)

Winking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis

Masseter

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

See figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Innervation of mastication muscles

A

Mandibular nerve

Third branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which muscles close the mouth?

A

masseter

temporal

medial pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which muscles open the mouth?

A

lateral pterygoid

supra‐/infrahyoid muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which muscles cause protrusion of mouth?

A

lateral pterygoid

masseter

medial pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which muscles cause retrusion?

A

temporal

masseter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Major branches of the external carotid artery

A
  1. Superior thyroid
  2. Lingual
  3. Facial
  4. Occipital
  5. Ascending pharyngeal
  6. Maxillary
  7. Posterior auricular
  8. Superficial temporal

See figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are anastomoses between the internal and external carotid arteries?

A

They are connections between the ICA and ECA

Important clinically because if you have an external injury, the germs could have an access route to the brain

See figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Major veins of the face

A
  1. Facial
  2. Occipital
  3. Maxillary
  4. Retromandibular
  5. Superficial temporal
  6. Pterygoid plexus
  7. Superior thyroid
  8. External jugular

See figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do the major veins of the face drain into?

A

The internal jugular vein

22
Q

Anatomy of the human eye

A

Sclera

Choroid

Retina

Fovea

Optic nerve

Ciliary body

Iris

Lens

Pupil

Cornea

See figure

23
Q

What is the role of the eyelid?

A

Controls influx of light, protects retina from overstimulation

24
Q

Bones making up the orbit

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Maxillary
  4. Nasal
  5. Lacrimal
  6. Ethmoidal
  7. Sphenoid
  8. Palatine

See figure

25
Q

What extra ocular muscles does the oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervate?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

medial rectus

Inferior rectus

Inferior oblique

26
Q

Which nerves innervate the extra ocular muscles?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

27
Q

What extra ocular muscles does the trochlear nerve (CNIV) innervate?

A

Superior oblique

28
Q

What extra ocular muscles does the abducens nerve (CNVI) innervate?

A

Lateral rectus

29
Q

What movements are produced by extra ocular nerves?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris (lifts eye upper lid)

medial rectus (moves pupil medial)

inferior rectus (moves pupil down)

inferior oblique (moves pupil lateral and up)

Superior oblique (moves pupil lateral and down)

Lateral rectus (moves pupil lateral)

See figure

30
Q

Posterior compartment of the eye

A

Retina

See figure

31
Q

What is the blind spot?

A

Optic nerve

32
Q

Two main sources of blood to the retina

A

Choroidal arterial vessels: supply >70% of blood, located at outside of retina, essential for survival of receptors

Central retinal artery: supplies 20-30% of blood, located on inside of retina, nourishes inner retinal cell layers

Choroidal and central retinal arteries are branches of the ophthalmic artery which is a branch of the internal carotid artery

See figure

33
Q

Three parts of the ear

A

Outer ear

Middle ear

Inner ear

See figure

34
Q

Content of outer ear

A

Auricle

Outer ear canal

35
Q

Content of middle ear

A

Ossicles

Tympanic cavity

Auditory tube (eustachian)

36
Q

Content of inner ear

A

Cochlear and vestibular system

37
Q

What is the importance of the eustachian tube?

A

Connects to pharynx and plays important role in equilibrating pressure differences between outside and middle ear

38
Q

What is the audible range of frequencies?

A

20 Hz - 20 kHz

39
Q

What is the most sensitive hearing range?

A

1.2 kHz - 4 kHz

40
Q

What are the three ossicles?

A

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

See figure

41
Q

Where is the inner ear located?

A

Within the temporal bone

42
Q

What does the cochlea contain that is important for hearing?

A

Sensory hair cells

43
Q

Hearing

A

1) Sound waves entering external ear stroke the tympanic membrane, causing it to vibrate
2) Vibrations initiated at the tympanic membrane are transmitted through the ossicles of the middle ear and their articulations
3) The base of the stapes vibrates with increased strength and decreased amplitude in the oval window
4) Vibrations of the base of the stapes create pressure waves in the perilymph of the scala vestibuli
5) Pressure waves in the scala vestibuli cause displacement of the basilar membrane of the cochlear duct. Shorter waves (high pitch) cause displacement near the oval window. Longer waves (low pitch) cause more distant displacement. Movement of the basilar membrane bends the hair cells of the spiral organ. Neurotransmitter is released, stimulating action potentials conveyed by the cochlear nerve to the brain
6) Vibrations are transferred across the cochlear duct to the perilymph of the scala tympani
7) Pressure waves in the perilymph are dissipated (dampened) by the secondary tympanic membrane at the round window into the air of the tympanic cavity

See figure

44
Q

What is the role of the vestibular system

A

Balance system

Controls posture, co-ordinates body, head, and eye movements, maintains balance, and spatial orientation

45
Q

2 main parts of vestibular system

A

Kinetic labyrinth (red)

Static labyrinth (orange)

See figure

46
Q

Components of kinetic labyrinth

A

Crista (sensory epithelium) within ampulla in each semicircular duct

47
Q

Function of kinetic labyrinth

A

Detects rotational movements of head

48
Q

Components of static labyrinth

A

Saccule & Utricle are the OTOLITH ORGANS which contain sensory epithelium (macula)

49
Q

Function of static labyrinth

A

detect linear acceleration/ deceleration (forward/backward, up/down lift movements)

50
Q

Function of frontal muscle

A

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Anatomy (MPAS) (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions