Lecture 8 - Humerus & Shoulder Joint

Question 1

What are the 6 proximal landmarks of the humerus?

Answer 1

• head of humerus
• surgical neck
• anatomical neck
• greater Tuberosity
• lesser Tuberosity
• bicipital groove

Question 2

What is the head of the humerus? Where does it articulate?

Answer 2

• Smooth, rounded region on the medial side of the proximal humerus
• Articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula to form the glenohumeral (Shoulder) joint

Question 3

What is the surgical neck?

Answer 3

• Region of the humerus where the expanded, proximal end joins with the narrower shaft

Question 4

What is the anatomical neck?

Answer 4

• Line on the humerus located around the outside margin of the humeral hand

Question 5

What is the greater/lesser Tuberosity ?

Answer 5

• Greater Tuberosity: Enlarged prominence located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus
• Lesser Tuberosity: Small, bony prominence located on the anterior side of the proximal humerus

Question 6

What is the bicipital groove?

Answer 6

• Narrow groove located between the greater & lesser tubercles of the humerus

Question 7

What are the 2 landmarks of the shaft of the humerus?

Answer 7

• deltoid Tuberosity
• radial/spiral groove

Question 8

What is the deltoid Tuberosity?

Answer 8

• Roughened, V-shape region located laterally on the mid-shaft of the humerus

Question 9

What is the radial/spiral groove?

Answer 9

• Narrow groove located between the greater & lesser tubercles of the humerus

Question 10

What are the 7 distal landmarks of the humerus?

Answer 10

• capitulum
• trochlea
• coronoid fossa
• radial fossa
• olecranon fossa
• medial & lateral supracondylar ridge
• medial & lateral eipcondyles

Question 11

What is the capitulum?

Answer 11

• Knob-like bony structure located anteriorly on the lateral, distal end of the humerus

Question 12

What is the trochlea? Where does it articulate?

Answer 12

• Pulley-shaped region located medially at the distal end of the humerus
• Articulates at the elbow with the trochlear notch of the ulna

Question 13

What is the coronoid fossa?

Answer 13

• Depression on the anterior surface of the humerus above the trochlea
• This space receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the elbow is maximally flexed

Question 14

What is the radial fossa?

Answer 14

• Small depression located on the anterior humerus above the capitulum
• This space receives the head of the radius when the elbow is maximally flexed

Question 15

What is the olecranon fossa?

Answer 15

• Large depression located on the posterior side of the distal humerus
• This space receives the olecranon process of the ulna when the elbow is fully flexed

Question 16

What are the medial & lateral supracondylar ridges?

Answer 16

• Lateral: narrow, bony ridge located on the lateral side of the distal humerus, superior to the lateral epicondyle
• Medial: the sharp, prominent margin located along the medial aspect of the distal end of the body of the humerus

Question 17

What are the medial & lateral epicondyles?

Answer 17

• Medial: enlarged projection located on the medial side of the distal humerus
• Lateral: small projection located on the lateral side of the distal humerus

Question 18

What is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 18

• a highly moveable ball & socket synovial joint
• Only 1/3 of the bony part of the head of the humerus is in contact with the glenoid fossa
• Thin, loose joint capsule

Question 19

What is the coracohumeral ligament?

Answer 19

• Extends from coracoid process to the greater tubercle of the humerus
• strengthens the glenohumeral joint superiorly, limiting excessive external rotation as well as inferior translation of the humerus

Question 20

What are the 3 bursae in the shoulder? Where are they located ?

Answer 20

• subacromial bursae: beneath the acromion
• subdeltoid bursae: beneath the deltoid
• subcoracoid bursae: beneath the coracoid process