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Human Anatomy 2024 - Skeletal System > Lecture 13 - Lower Leg > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Lower Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 landmarks of the tibia?

A
  • Tibial Plateau
  • Intercondylar Eminence
  • Tibial Condyles
  • Shaft
  • Tibial Tuberosity
  • Medial Malleolus
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2
Q

What are the 2 landmarks of the fibula?

A
  • head of the fibula
  • lateral Malleolus
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3
Q

What is the proximal/superior tibiofibular joint?

A
  • formed by an articulation between the head of the fibula and the lateral condyle of the tibia
  • is a plane type synovial joint; where the bones to glide over one another to create movement
  • The articular surfaces are lined with hyaline cartilage and contained within a joint capsule
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4
Q

What is the intermediate tibiofibular joint?

A
  • Formed by the interosseous membrane, which connects the shaft of the tibia & fibula together
  • Attaches to the interosseous borders along the length of the tibia & fibula
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5
Q

What is the distal/inferior tibiofibular joint?

A
  • Consists of an articulation between the fibular notch of the distal tibia and the fibula.
  • It is an Syndesmosis - Fibrous Joint where the joint surfaces are bound by tough, fibrous tissue
  • Contains the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament; On posterior side as well
  • High ankle sprains occur here
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6
Q

What is the tibiofemoral (knee) joint?

A
  • is the Most complained joint because of its architect
  • Modified hinge joint, mainly Flexion/extension with a little bit of rotation
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7
Q

What are the 6 main structures/ligaments of the tibiofemoral (knee) joint?

A
  • menisci (medial & lateral)
  • medial collateral ligament
  • lateral collateral ligament
  • anterior Cruciate ligament
  • posterior Cruciate ligament
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8
Q

What is the menisci ?

A
  • Have 2 menisci
  • Medial Meniscus: Semi lunar, Attached to the Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
  • Lateral Meniscus: Smaller then medial meniscus, more mobile, Not attached to any structure
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9
Q

What is the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint?

A
  • a Capsular ligament: Thickening of the joint capsule
  • Attached to medial meniscus, as well as the medial femoral condyle proximally & medial tibia surface distally
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10
Q

What is the lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint?

A
  • an Extra capsular ligament: Not part of the joint capsule, on its own
  • Attaches to the lateral epicondyle of the femur proximally & the head of fibula distally
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11
Q

What is the anterior Cruciate ligament of the knee joint?

A
  • Attaches to the ANTERIOR portion of the intercondylar eminence
  • Runs in a POSTERIOR/Superior direction
  • Runs towards the EXTERNAL aspect of the (lateral femoral condyle on the medial surface)
  • Not part of joint capsule (extra-capsular), Acts as a pivot for rotation, & Prevents anterior dislocation of the tibia on the femur
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12
Q

What is the posterior Cruciate ligament of the knee joint?

A
  • Attaches to the POSTERIOR aspect of the intercondylar eminence
  • Runs in an ANTERIOR direction toward the front of the knee joint
  • Runs inward towards the INTERNAL aspect of the knee (medial femoral condyle’s lateral surface)
  • Prevents posterior dislocation of the tibia on the femur
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13
Q

What are the 4 bursal sacs of the knee?

A
  • suprapatellar bursitis
  • prepatellar bursitis
  • infrapatellar bursitis
  • Pes anserinus bursitis
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14
Q

What is the suprapatellar brusal sac?

A
  • Superior to the patella
  • Sits between the quadriceps tendon & the femur
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15
Q

What is the prepatellar bursal sac?

A
  • Sits between the skin & the patella
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16
Q

What is the infrapatellar bursal sac?

A
  • Inferior to the patella
  • Sits between the patellar tendon & the tibia
17
Q

What is the pes anserinus bursal sac?

A
  • Sits between the tendons of the pes anserinus group & tibia
18
Q

What is the screw home mechanism?

A
  • the Medial femoral condyle is 1cm longer than the lateral femoral condyle
  • During knee extension the femoral condyles roll on the tibia and the lateral articular surface is the first to be used up
  • The femur then medially rotates on the lateral condyle as the rolling action of the femur continues on the medial condyle
19
Q

What is open chain/non-weight bearing?

A
  • Tibia rotates laterally as full knee extension approaches
  • Tibia rotates medially (with help of popliteus) to unlock and start to flex knee
20
Q

What is closed chain/weight bearing?

A
  • Femur rotates medially as full knee extension approaches
  • Femur rotates laterally (with help of popliteus) to unlock and start to flex knee

Human Anatomy 2024 - Skeletal System (14 decks)

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