Lecture 2 - Osteology Flashcards
1
Q
What is the importance of cartilage?
A
- all bones are created from cartilage
2
Q
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
A
- hyaline cartilage
- elastic cartilage
- fibrocartilages
3
Q
What is hyaline cartilage?
A
- covers the end of bones at a joint
- gives a smooth surface & reduces friction
- creates an articular surface
- i.e., coming together
4
Q
What is elastic cartilage?
A
- allows flexibility for parts of the body to bend & move
- found in the external ear & epiglottis
5
Q
What is fibrocartilage?
A
- acts as a cushion within joints
- helps manage force & reduces stress placed on joints
- found in the intervertebral discs & insertions of ligaments & tendons
6
Q
How does long bone develop?
A
- all bone starts as cartilage
- as the embryo develops, primary ossification begins
7
Q
What are the 6 functions of Osseous (Bone) tissue?
A
- Protects Internal Organs
- Stores & releases fat
- Produces blood cells
- Stores & releases minerals
- Facilitates movement
- Supports the body
8
Q
What are the 5 types of bones?
A
- long bones
- short bones
- irregular bones
- flat bones
- sesamoid bones
9
Q
What are long bones? What are some examples?
A
- a bone that has a shaft & 2 ends & is longer than it is wide
- provide leverage
- i.e., tibia, fibula, femur, humerus, radius, ulna
10
Q
What are short bones? What are some examples?
A
- cube-like shape, equal in length, width, thickness
- provide stability, support, & some motion
- i.e., carpals (wrist) & tarpals (ankle)
11
Q
What are irregular bones? What are some examples?
A
- does not have a characterized shape, more complex
- they protect the vital organs
- i.e., vertebrae & facial bones
12
Q
What are flat bones? What are some examples?
A
- thin & curved
- provide points of attachment for muscles & also protect internal organs
- i.e., sternum, ribs, scapulae, cranial bones
13
Q
What are sesamoid bones? What are some examples?
A
- small, round, shaped like a sesame seed
- protects tendons from compressive force
- i.e., patella
14
Q
What are the 9 structures that make up a long bone?
A
- diaphysis
- Metaphysis
- epiphysis
- periosteum
- perichondrium
- Endosteum
- cortex
- medullary cavity
- epiphyseal plates
15
Q
What is the diaphysis?
A
- refers to the shaft (middle) of the bone that runs from the proximal & distal ends of the bone
16
Q
What is the metaphysis?
A
- refers to when the bone begins to flare out
- the neck portion
- contains the growth plates
17
Q
What is the epiphysis?
A
- the part that forms the bone
- the round ends of the bone (both ends)
18
Q
What is the periosteum?
A
- peri = around or surrounding
- refers to the outer surface of the bone that is covered with fibrous membrane
- contains blood vessels, nerves that nourish compact bone (provide blood supply)
- helps with healing
19
Q
What is the perichondrium?
A
- chondrium = cartilage
- will cover the bone on the ends of the bone
20
Q
What is the endosteum?
A
- endo = inside, oste = bone
- lining on the medullary cavity
- sends blood & nutrients to the interior of the bone which provides bone growth, repair & remodeling
- also contains the osteoblasts & osteoclasts
21
Q
What is the cortex ?
A
- the outer layer of the bone
22
Q
What is the medullary cavity?
A
- a hallow region within the diaphysis
- contains red & yellow marrow
- red marrow = contains red blood cells & platelets
- yellow marrow = the fatty (adipose) tissue
23
Q
What are epiphyseal plates?
A
- also known as growth plates
- found in the metaphysis
- allows for bone growth, once it closes the bone stops growing
