Lecture 8: Global Challenges In Public Health Flashcards
What is all cause mortality?
Cause of death
Why is measure of all cause mortality important?
To assess the effectiveness of a country’s health system
What is excess mortality?
Number of deaths from all causes during a crisis above and beyond what we would have expected to see
under ‘normal’ conditions.1
Why is it important to measure excess mortality?
Excess mortality is a key metric for international comparison of the effect of the pandemic
What is morbidity?
Morbidity is the state of being symptomatic or unhealthy for a disease or condition. It is usually represented or estimated using prevalence or
incidence.
Why is the measure of morbidity important?
Can be used to understand the burden of disease faced,
How do you measure global health?
All cause mortality
What is QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS (QALYs)?
A measure of the state of health of a person or group in which the benefits, in terms of length of life, are adjusted to reflect the quality of life.
One QALY is equal to ?
1 year of life in perfect health
How are QALYs often measured as?
Ability of individual to carry out daily life activities
What are DISABILITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS DALYs?
A measure of the impact of a disease or injury in terms of healthy years lost.
What are YEARS IF LIFE LOST (YLL)?
A summary measure of premature mortality, providing an explicit way of weighting deaths occurring at younger ages, which may be preventable.
How are YEARS OF LIFE LOST YLL calculated?
N of deaths x standard life expectancy at the age at which death occurs
The standard life expectancy used for YLL at each age is the same for deaths in all regions of the world.
True or false?
True
How are QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE TEARS QALYs calculated?
QALYs are calculated by estimating the years of life remaining for a patient following a particular treatment or intervention and weighting each year with a quality-of-life score (on a 0 to 1 scale).
