Lecture 10: Changing public health priorities

Question 1

What are the Global influences on public health?

Answer 1

Globalisation
Climate change 
Mass migration 
Political instability 
Economic realignment

Question 2

What was the leading cause of death in the UK in 2018?

Answer 2

Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Question 3

What are the top five leading causes of Years lived with disability (YDLs) in the UK ?

Answer 3

Low back pain
Falls
Major depressive disorder 
Neck pain 
Other musculoskeletal disorders

Question 4

What are the 6 priorities from the Marmot Review , 2010: Fair Society Health Lives?

Answer 4

• Early child development
• Educationandlifelonglearning
• Employmentandworkingconditions
• Minimumincomeneededforhealthliving
• Healthyandsustainableenvironmentsinwhichtoliveand work
• Asocialdeterminantsapproachtoprevention– addressing the causes of the causes

Question 5

What is Ecological outlook of the Marmot Review 2010?

Answer 5

• Interrelations between people within a multi-layered social world
• Includes social determinants of health
• E.g. multilevel intervention to support increased physical activity

Question 6

What is Salutogenesis?

Answer 6

Health creating

Question 7

What is Proportionate universalism?

Answer 7

• Concept introduced in 2010 Marmot report

• Health actions must be universal, not targeted, but
with a scale and intensity that is proportionate to the
level of disadvantage

• Greater intensity of action needed for most
disadvantaged

• However, focussing solely on most disadvantaged will
not reduce health gradient and only tackles small part of problem

Question 8

What are emerging and recrudescence threats to Public Health?

Answer 8

Emerging infectious diseases & zoonoses Smoking
Antimicrobial resistance
Dementia
Childhood obesity Alcohol abuse Inequalities

Question 9

What are the most emerging diseases?

Answer 9

Zoonoses/ zoonotic diseases

Question 10

What are zoonoses?

Answer 10

Diseases that are transmitted from vertebral animals to humans and can be transmitted back from humans to animals

Question 11

What does the Integrative Health Risk Management involve?

Answer 11

Prevention
Intervention
Recovery/ Rehabilitation

Question 12

What is Antibiotic Resistance?

Answer 12

Can result from antibiotic use in health care for unnecessary situations I.e. viral colds

Question 13

Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today.

True or false?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What are the effects of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 14

• A growing number of infections – such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, and salmonellosis – are becoming harder to treat as the antibiotics used to treat them become less effective.
• Antibiotic resistance leads to longer hospital stays, higher medical costs and increased mortality

Question 15

What is the leading risk factor for premature death and poor health in England?

Answer 15

Smoking

Question 16

The Prevalence of Childhood Obesity is two times higher in the most deprived populations of the UK than in the least deprived populations

True or false?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Define Health inequalities?

Answer 17

Health inequalities are unfair and avoidable differences in health across the population, and between different groups within society

Question 18

How do health inequalities arise?

Answer 18

Health inequalities arise because of the conditions in which we are born, grow, live, work and age

Question 19

The burden of disease in the UK is evenly distributed between the poorest and the richest in society

True or false?

Answer 19

False, it’s unevenly distributed

Question 20

Most diseases of major PH importance disproportionately affect the most deprived sectors of society.

True or false?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Tackling risk factors during childhood is likely to have the biggest impact

True or false?

Answer 21

True