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ANAT30007 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

How many somites form a limb bud?

A

5

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2
Q

When do the elbow and knee joints form during development?

A

12 weeks

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3
Q

Where is the clavicle most likely to fracture and why?

A

Between the lateral 1/3 and the medial 1/3 (mid shaft)

Weakest point

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4
Q

Which muscles pull the clavicle parts on top of each other when it’s fractured?

A

Deltoid pulls down
SCM pulls up
Pectoral muscles pull across

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5
Q

Which part of the humerus makes contact with the ulna?

A

The trochlea

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6
Q

Which part of the humerus makes contact with the radius?

A

The capitulum

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7
Q

Which part of the humerus does the ulna sit in full extension?

A

The olecranon process.

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8
Q

Which part of the humerus does the ulna sit in full flexion?

A

The coronoid process.

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9
Q

Which part of the humerus does the radius sit in full flexion?

A

The radial fossa

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10
Q

Where is the humerus most likely to fracture?

A

Surgical neck

Mid shaft

Supracondylar

Medial epicondyle

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11
Q

What structures are endangered by a surgical neck humerus fracture?

A

Axially nerve

Posterior circumflex artery

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12
Q

What structures are endangered by a mids haft humerus fracture?

A

Posterior side of radial artery

Deep brachial artery (profunda)

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13
Q

What structures are endangered by a supracondylar humerus fracture?

A

Median nerve

Brachial artery

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14
Q

What structures are endangered by a medial epicondyle humerus fracture?

A

Ulnar nerve

Avulsion of epicondyle

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15
Q

What are the segments of the upper and lower limb buds?

A

Upper C1-T1

Lower L2-S2

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16
Q

What are the superficial and deep muscles of the upper limb from the spine?

A

Superficial:
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi

Deep:
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

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17
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the trapezius

A

Origin: occipital protrudence
Insertion: spine of scapula? Spinous processes? Nuchal ligament?
Movements: elevation (superior fibres), depression (inferior fibres), protraction/rotation (both)
Nerve supply: cranial nerve 11?

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18
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: inter tubercular groove of humerus (bicipital groove)
Movements: internal rotation, outward rotation, adduction
Nerve supply:

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19
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the levator scapulae?

A

Origin: transverse processes or cervical spine
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
Movements:
Nerve supply:

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20
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the rhomboid minor and major

A

Origin: spinous processes of thoracic spine
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Movements: retraction of scapula (moving inwards)
Nerve supply:

Separated by the spine of the scapula
Minor above major

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21
Q

What are the pectoral muscles?

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior

22
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of pectoralis major?

A

Origin: wide, sternum, median part of clavicle
Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
Movements: internal rotation, abduction

23
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of pectoralis minor?

A

Origin: ribs
Insertion: coracoid process
Movements: protraction upwards and outwards (lifts rib cage)

24
Q

What movements occur at the subclavius?

A

Depression of the clavicle.

25
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the serratus anterior

A

Origin: lateral edge of ribs
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Movements: accessory respiratory?
Nerve supply: lies on superficial side

26
Q

What is the deltopectoral groove?

A

In between the superior border of pectoral major and inferior border of deltoid.
Contains cephalic vein on lateral side of arm.
Important in shoulder separation surgery.

27
Q

How does winging of the scapula occur?

A

Due to paralysis of the serratus anterior

28
Q

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

A 
Deltoid
Teres major
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus 
Subscapularis
29
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the deltoid

A

Origin: spine of scapula?
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity on humerus
Movements: abduction, flexion, extension
Nerve supply:

30
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the teres major

A

Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove
Movements: adduction, rotation
Nerve supply:

31
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

SITS

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

32
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the supraspinatus?

A

Origin:
Insertion:
Movements:
Nerve supply:

33
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the infraspinatus

A

Origin: supraspinatus fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Movements: adduction
Nerve supply:

34
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the teres minor

A

Origin:
Insertion:
Movements: adduction
Nerve supply:

35
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the subscapularis

A

Origin: anterior side of scapula
Insertion:
Movements: adduction
Nerve supply:

36
Q

What are the roles of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Stabilise shoulder
Act as dynamic ligaments
Fixators - fix head of humerus in glenoid fossa

37
Q

What rotator cuff injuries can occur?

A 
Impingement or supraspinatus
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) - calcification of bursa, bursa can be subaeromid or subdeltoid
38
Q

What biceps injuries can occur?

A

Tendinitis - long head of biceps at bicipital groove undergoes a lot of tension.

Dislocation

Rupture of long head of biceps - Popeye syndrome, tendon breaks, must be surgically reattached

39
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Biceps

Coracobrachialis

Brachialis

40
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the biceps

A

Origin: LH supraglenoid tubercle, SH coracoid process.
Insertion: both heads converge past elbow to bicipital aponeurosis and radial tuberosity.
Movements: supination of forearm, flexion, extension.
Nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve

41
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the coracobrachialis

A

Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: medial side of humerus shaft
Movements: flexion
Nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve

42
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the brachialis

A

Origin: humerus shaft
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity
Movements: flexor of the elbow joint
Nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve

43
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps

Anconeus

44
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the anconeus

A

Origin: supracondylar ridge/shaft of humerus
Insertion: ulnar
Movements: assists triceps during extension
Nerve supply: radial nerve

45
Q 
What is the:
Origin?
Insertion?
Movements?
Nerve supply?

Of the triceps

A

Origin: medial and later head - shaft of humerus, long head - scapula.
Insertion: heads converge to olecranon process of ulnar.
Movements: extension.
Nerve supply: radial nerve - passes between medial and lateral heads.

46
Q

What are the posterior apertures?

A

Suprascapular notch

Quadrangular space

Triangular space

Triangular interval

47
Q

Which structures pass through he suprascular notch?

A

The suprascapular nerve - can get pinched by ligament.

Formed by the transverse scapular ligament and suprascapular notch.

48
Q

Which structures pass through the quadrangular space?

A

The axillary nerve and posterior humerus circumflex artery.

49
Q

Which structures pass through the triangular space?

A

The circumflex scapula artery.

50
Q

Which structures pass through the triangular interval?

A

The radial nerve and deep brachial artery (profunda).

Fracture of midshift = extensor muscles are compromised.

ANAT30007 (19 decks)

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