Lecture 8 Flashcards
How many somites form a limb bud?
5
When do the elbow and knee joints form during development?
12 weeks
Where is the clavicle most likely to fracture and why?
Between the lateral 1/3 and the medial 1/3 (mid shaft)
Weakest point
Which muscles pull the clavicle parts on top of each other when it’s fractured?
Deltoid pulls down
SCM pulls up
Pectoral muscles pull across
Which part of the humerus makes contact with the ulna?
The trochlea
Which part of the humerus makes contact with the radius?
The capitulum
Which part of the humerus does the ulna sit in full extension?
The olecranon process.
Which part of the humerus does the ulna sit in full flexion?
The coronoid process.
Which part of the humerus does the radius sit in full flexion?
The radial fossa
Where is the humerus most likely to fracture?
Surgical neck
Mid shaft
Supracondylar
Medial epicondyle
What structures are endangered by a surgical neck humerus fracture?
Axially nerve
Posterior circumflex artery
What structures are endangered by a mids haft humerus fracture?
Posterior side of radial artery
Deep brachial artery (profunda)
What structures are endangered by a supracondylar humerus fracture?
Median nerve
Brachial artery
What structures are endangered by a medial epicondyle humerus fracture?
Ulnar nerve
Avulsion of epicondyle
What are the segments of the upper and lower limb buds?
Upper C1-T1
Lower L2-S2
What are the superficial and deep muscles of the upper limb from the spine?
Superficial:
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Deep:
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
What is the: Origin? Insertion? Movements? Nerve supply?
Of the trapezius
Origin: occipital protrudence
Insertion: spine of scapula? Spinous processes? Nuchal ligament?
Movements: elevation (superior fibres), depression (inferior fibres), protraction/rotation (both)
Nerve supply: cranial nerve 11?
What is the: Origin? Insertion? Movements? Nerve supply?
Of the Latissimus dorsi?
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: inter tubercular groove of humerus (bicipital groove)
Movements: internal rotation, outward rotation, adduction
Nerve supply:
What is the: Origin? Insertion? Movements? Nerve supply?
Of the levator scapulae?
Origin: transverse processes or cervical spine
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
Movements:
Nerve supply:
What is the: Origin? Insertion? Movements? Nerve supply?
Of the rhomboid minor and major
Origin: spinous processes of thoracic spine
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Movements: retraction of scapula (moving inwards)
Nerve supply:
Separated by the spine of the scapula
Minor above major