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ANAT30007 > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What movements occur at the shoulder?

A

Flexion/extension
Adduction/abduction
Medial rotation/lateral rotation
Circumduction

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2
Q

What are the three true bi articular (synovial) joints of the shoulder?

A

Sternoclavicular

Acromioclavicular

Glenohumeral

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3
Q

What are the two physiological (functional) joints of the shoulder?

A

Subdeltoid - allows supraspinatus to do abduction.

Scapulothoracic - keeps scapula sitting against rib cage.

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4
Q

What movements occur at the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Elevation/depression

Rotraction/protraction

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5
Q

What is the blood supply for the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Internal thoracic

Suprascapular

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6
Q

What is the shoulder complex made up of?

A

The pectoral girdle (manubrium of sternum, clavicle, scapula)

The humerus

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7
Q

What is the nerve supply to the sternoclavicular joint?

A

The subclavius nerve

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8
Q

Which has more severe consequences and why - an anterior shoulder subluxation or a posterior subluxation?

A

Posterior

Subclavian and carotid arteries

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9
Q

What is the blood supply of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

The suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries.

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Supraclavicular

Lateral pectoral

Axillary

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11
Q

What are the intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Intrinsic:
Acromioclavicular

Extrinsic:
Coracoclavicular
- conoid
- trapezoid

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12
Q

How do the conoid and trapezoid ligaments work separately and together ?

A

Conoid: in the sagittal plane, stops vertical displacement of the clavicle, holds it down in place.
Trapezoid: in the transverse/horizontal plane, stops lateral displacement of the clavicle.

Together: provide stability to stop excessive rotation of the scapula and clavicle to prevent shoulder separation.

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13
Q

Which muscles protract the shoulder?

A

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

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14
Q

Which muscles retract the shoulder?

A

Trapezius

Rhomboid

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15
Q

Which muscles elevate the shoulder?

A

Trapezius (upper fibres)

Levator scapulae

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16
Q

Which muscles depress the shoulder?

A 
Serratus anterior (lower fibres)
Pectoralis minor
17
Q

Which muscles rotate the shoulder?

A

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

Trapezius

Rhomboids

18
Q

What is a grade 1 acromioclavicular dislocation?

A

AC ligaments are stretched but not torn.
CC ligaments are intact.

Can be fixed conservatively by immobilising the joint.

19
Q

What is a grade 2 acromioclavicular dislocation?

A

AC ligaments torn and disrupted.
CC ligaments remain intact.

AC ligaments can be fixed.

20
Q

What is a grade 3 acromioclavicular dislocation?

A

AC and CC ligaments are ruptured.
Wide separation of joint.
Humerus sinks inferiorly to the clavicle.

21
Q

What is the blood supply of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Circumflex humeral arteries (anterior and posterior)

22
Q

What is the nerve supply of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Suprascapular
Axillary
Lateral pectoral

23
Q

What are the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Intrinsic:
Coracohumeral
Glenohumeral (Z - superior, middle, inferior)

Extrinsic:
Coracoacromial - tight roof
Transverse humeral - holds LH of biceps tendon in bicipital groove.

24
Q

Which ligament is lax to allow your arm hang by your side?

A

The inferior glenohumeral ligament.

25
Q

What are the names of the three bursa found Im the glenohumeral joint?

A

Subscapular

Subacromial

Subdeltoid

26
Q

Which muscles abduct the scapula?

A

The trapezius and serratus anterior.

Trapezius pulls the spine of the scapula upwards.

Serratus anterior pulls the spine of the scapula outwards.

27
Q

When is the glenohumeral joint most like to dislocate?

A

When the humerus is abducted and externally rotated.
The humerus makes most contact in this position.
It gives maximal stability but is most exposed.
Dislocates anteriorly and inferiorly.

28
Q

What movements do flexor musculature produce?

A

Flexion
Adduction
Medial rotation

29
Q

Which muscles make up the flexor musculature of the shoulder joint?

A 
Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Biceps
Coracobrachialis
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Subscapularis
30
Q

Which muscles make up the extensor musculature of the shoulder joint?

A 
Deltoid
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi 
Triceps 
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus 
Teres minor
31
Q

Which muscles contribute to abduction at the shoulder joint?

A

Deltoid

Supraspinatus

32
Q

Where is the subdeltoid physiological joint?

A

Between the supraspinatus tendon and the glenohumeral joint.
Deep to deltoid.
Painful arc syndrome occurs as the supraspinatus tendon doesn’t have a good blood supply (necrosis).

33
Q

Where is the scapulothoracic physiological joint?

A

Between the serratus and the thorax.
Between the serratus and the scapula.
Scapula and humerus 1:2.

34
Q

What are some rotator cuff injuries?

A

Frozen shoulder - adhesive capsulitis, calcification restricts movement.

Impingement of supraspinatus - during abduction.

Rotator cuff (fixator muscles) blend with capsule of joint, pull humeral head towards glenoid and compress it.

35
Q

What is subacromial bursitis?

A

Calcification of subacromial bursa located under acromion process of the scapula.
Susceptible to irritation during shoulder abduction.

36
Q

What type of dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is most common?

A

Anterior/inferior
Due to the force applied to the abducted and externally rotated arm.
Can be fixed.

37
Q

What type of dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is least common?

A 
Posterior.
Due to electric shock or seizures.
Arm adducted and internally rotated.
Head of humerus is pushed behind the glenoid cavity.
Can't be fixed conservatively.

ANAT30007 (19 decks)

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