Lecture 8 Flashcards
What are some conditions causing sleep symptoms in Senior High School Students?
Depression 19.2% Anxiety 16.6% Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder5% Problematic Alcohol Use 4.5% Sleep walkers/talkers 3.5% Drugs 2% Parasomnias General Health Problem Primary insomnia Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
What are the 8 potential reasons as to why we sleep?
Body repair Energy replenishment Predator avoidance Thermoregulation Memory consolidation Neuronal Integrity Resculpting of synaptic populations Maximising adaptation to the Environment
What does recent research on sleep and the brain show?
- Sleep improves procedural memory (tasks requiring practice and repetition)
- Problem solving skills
- Pruning and strengthening of circuits that promotes new things and reinforcing old ones
What animals have the highest and lowest sleep requirement?
Rat lowest = 1 hr per 24 hrs
Bat largest = 20hrs per 24 hrs
What are the two types of sleep?
- (REM) Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
2. (NREM) Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
In what phase of sleep do dreams mostly occur?
REM phase of sleep
What does the REM phase of sleep occur?
REM occurs about 5x per night
Totalling about 5%
What percentage of our dreams do we remember?
5%
What are the two theories behind why we dream?
Erasing Theory
Filing Theory
What are the 4 Steps in Diagnosing Sleep Disorders?
Sleep history
Sleep Diary
Actigraph
Polysomnogram
What things are included in the sleep history step of Diagnosis?
Sleep onset Sleep Latency Interruptions Total sleep time Quality of sleep Pattern long term Sleep attacks Sleepiness during the day Sleep walking Sleep Talking Sleep eating Sleep sex Snoring Violent Activities
What is a Polysomnogram?
Physiologic Sensor leads are placed on the patient in order to record
What 7 things does a Polysomnogram try to record?
Brain electrical activity (sleep EEG) Eye and jaw muscle movement Leg muscle movement Airflow Respiratory effort (chest and abdominal excursion) EKG Oxygen saturation
What are the 3 major groups of sleep symptoms?
Insomnia
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Parasomnias
What are Insomnias?
Either Primary insomnias or Secondary Insomnias
Have Circadian Rhythm problems
Jet Lag
Shift Work Sleep Disorder
What 4 things cause secondary Insomnia?
substances
psychiatric
Medical
Neurological condition
What does excessive Daytime Sleepiness involve?
Difficulty in maintaining desired wakefulness
Falling asleep at inappropriate times
Excessive amounts of sleep
What are the EDSs (Excessive Daytime Sleepiness conditions)?
Sleep apnoea Idiopathic hypersomnia Substances Circadian Rhythm Disorder Sleep Deprivation Narcolepsy/ sleep attacks
What does Parasomnia involve?
Sleep walking/somnambulism sleep sex sleep eating sleep talking (somniloquy) REM behaviour disorders Periodic Limb Movements (PLM's) Restless Legs Bruxism
What does the management of Sleep Disorders involve?
NEed to have correct diagnosis first
Multi-model approach -(Psychological, Beavioural, Biological)
What are the 5 types of treatment for sleep disorders?
Cognitive Behavioural Teratment for Insomnia - Bed restirction Programme
Light Treatment
Melatonin
(CPAP) Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Medications
What are Some countermeasures for Sleep deprivation fatigue/sleepiness?
Sleep
- 2-8 hr nap prior to a 24 hr sleep loss (sift work)
15 minute naps every 2-3 hour intervals
Sometimes more than 2 hour naps can worsen sleep inertia
Caffeine? Methamphetamine?Cocaine?
Modafinil
How can you enhance sleep?
Calm and focused mind
learn mindfulness (focusing on the present movement; full attention to your current activity)
-meditations/yoga
