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Health Psychology > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Consciousness?

A

Personal Awareness
Awareness of Internal and External Stimuli
-Levels of Awareness “stream of consciousness”

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2
Q

What are Daydreams?

A

Daydreams are shifts in attention towards internal thoughts and imagines scenarioes

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3
Q

How do you learn about the normal flow of consciousness?

A

Psychologists learn about the normal flow of consciousness through experience-sampling techniques

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4
Q

What did Freud argue in the Psychodynamic View of consciousness?

A

Argues that 3 mental systems form consciousness
conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious

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5
Q

What is the Conscious element in the Psychodynamic view of Consciousness?

A

mental events that you are aware of

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6
Q

What is the Preconscious element in the Psychodynamic view of Consciousness?

A

Mental events that can be brought into awareness

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7
Q

What is the Unconscious element in the Psychodynamic view of Consciousness?

A

Mental events that are inaccessible to awareness

Events are Actively Kept Out of awareness

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8
Q

What are the 5 Locations of consciousness?

A 
Distributed throughout the brain
1. Pre-frontal cortex
2. Thalamus
3. Pons
4. Reticular Formation
5. Medulla Oblongata
(Hindbrain + Midbrain)
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9
Q

What is the Hindbrain and Midbrain important for?

A

important for Arousal and for Sleep

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10
Q

What can damage to the Reticular formation lead to?

A

Coma

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11
Q

What is the Pre-frontal cortex important for?

A

Is Key for Conscious control of information processing

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12
Q

What are the EEG patterns of activity?

A 
Frequency (cycles per second)
Beta 
Alph
Theta
Delta
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13
Q

What does the Beta frequency of EEG patters of activity infer?

A

13-24 cps

Normal Waking/alert

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14
Q

What does the Alpha frequency of EEG patters of activity infer?

A

8-12 cps

Deep relaxation

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15
Q

What does the Theta frequency of EEG patters of activity infer?

A

4-7 cps

Dight sleep

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16
Q

What does the Delta frequency of EEG patters of activity infer?

A
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17
Q

What is consciousness associated with?

A

Attention

Divided attention or dissociation argument for altered state of awareness of consciousness

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18
Q

What is the definition of Hypnosis?

A

a systematic procedure that increases suggestibility

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19
Q

What is Hypnotic susceptibility?

A

Individual differences

10% of population is meant to have high hypnotic susceptibility

20
Q

What are the 4 effects produced through hypnosis?

A

Anaesthesia
Sensory distortions and hallucinations
Disinhibition
Posthypnotic suggestions and Amnesia

21
Q

What is Hilgard’s Theory?

A

to explain the altered state of consciousness or awareness was that hypnosis creates a dissociation in consciousness

22
Q

What is Dissociation in regards to Hilgard’s Theory of Hypnosis?

A

Dissociation: is a splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness
Example from everyday life: “Highway hypnosis”

23
Q

What are Anaesthesia examples of the Hypnotic Phenomena?

A

Anaesthesia:

  • Hypnosis used in minor surgery and by dentists for pain management
  • Particularly useful with burns patients undergoing debridement
  • During pregnancy and Labour
24
Q

What are the Behavioural Change examples due to the Hypnotic Phenomena?

A

Behavioural Change

  • smoking
  • Diet
25
Q

What are the 2 types of Hypnotic Phenomena?

A

Anaesthesia

Behavioural Change

26
Q

What is Meditation?

A

Practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control

27
Q

What are examples of Meditation and their benefits?

A

Yoga
Zen
Transcendental Meditation (TM)
-Potential Physiological benefits - similar to effective relaxation procesudres

28
Q

What are the Physical and Biological effects of meditation?

A

Alpha waves and Beta waves become more prominent ni EEG recordings

29
Q

What 5 things does a decreased arousal lead to?

A 
Decline in:
Heart Rate
Skin Conductance
Respiration rate
Oxygen Consumption 
Carbondioxide Elimination
30
Q

What are the Benefits of Meditation?

A

Reduced effects of stress
Improved mental Health
Positive effects on other elements

31
Q

What are the benefits of Meditation in regards to Reduced effects of stress?

A

Lower levels of stress hormone

Enhanced immune response

32
Q

What are the benefits of Meditation in regards to improved mental health?

A

Reduced anxiety and concomitant reduction in drug abuse

33
Q

What are the 4 Benefits of meditation in regards to positive effects on other elements?

A 
4x Positive effects of:
Blood pressure
Self-esteem
Modd
Sense of Contol
34
Q

What is the Subliminal Perception?

A

The perception of stimuli below the threshold of consiousness

35
Q

What has research determines in regards to Subliminal Perception?

A

Presenting people with Subliminal Stimuli (positive or negative) can influence their emotional reactions and behaviours

36
Q

What are circadian rhythms?

A

a cyclical biological process that evolved around the daily cycle of light and darl

37
Q

When do Foetuses begin to show circadian rhythms of sleep and activity?

A

six months gestational age

38
Q

What do Circadian rhythms sometimes account for?

A

difficulties people experience when crossing time zones “Jet Lag”
Work night shift - “health professions”

39
Q

What do Circadian rhythms impact on?

A

Physical and Mental Health

Grades

40
Q

What can Circadian Rhythms lead to changes in?

A

energy level
mood
efficiency through the day

41
Q

What is the Physiological pathway of circadian rhythms?

A

Light levels –> Retina –> Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of the Hypothalamus –> Pineal Gland –> Secretion of Melatonin

42
Q

What happens when people are in the absence of outside cues?

A

Peoples fall into a 25hour rhythm- (outside cues draw us into a 24 hr rhythm)

43
Q

What are the Results of changing times zones too quickly for circadian rhythms to change?

A

Faster resynchronisation when West bound

44
Q

What are the 2 Circadian rhythms?

A

Realigning them with Melatonin

Bright Lights

45
Q

What are the 2 Circadian Rhythms associated with Mental Illness?

A

Mood disorders

Bipolar disorders

Health Psychology (19 decks)

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