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Host Defense > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are APCs?

A

Cells to displaying MHCII

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2
Q

What cells express MHCI?

A

All necleated cells

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3
Q

How do APCs take up antigen?

A

Either phagocytosis or surface receptors

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4
Q

What are the APCs?

A

Macs
DCs
B cells

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5
Q

Another name for macrophage?

A

Mononuclear phagocytes

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6
Q

Another name for macrophage?

A

Mononuclear phagocytes

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7
Q

What are kupfer cells?

A

Macs found in liver

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8
Q

Name for macs in liver?

A

Kupfer cells

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9
Q

Macs found in brain?

A

Microglial cells

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10
Q

What are microglial cells?

A

Macs in brain

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11
Q

APCs in skin?

A

Langerhans cells

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12
Q

What are Langerhans cells?

A

APCs in skin between dermis and epidermis

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13
Q

Two types of dendritic cells?

A

Conventional

Plasmacytoid

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14
Q

What do Plasmacytoid dendritic cells do?

A

Produce large volumes of interferon in response to viral infection

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15
Q

Difference between mature and immature dendritic cells?

A

Immature are much more highly phagocytotic

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16
Q

When is B cell presentation most important?

A

Secondary antibody response

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17
Q

Difference between where MHCs find antigens?

A

MHCI - intracellular

MHCII - extracellular

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18
Q

What happens in early endosomes?

A

Proteases are inactive

Activate when they become acidic

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19
Q

What do endosome fuse with?

A

Vesicles containing MHCII

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20
Q

Where does MHCI bind antigen?

A

ER

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21
Q

Where are MHCI antigens synthesized?

A

Cytosol

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22
Q

Which MHC functions via phagocytosis?

A

II

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23
Q

What is usually presented in MHCI?

A

Molecules from viruses that have taken over cell machinery

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24
Q

What degrades MHC antigens?

A

Proteosomes in cytosol

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25
Q

Sub unitis of proteosome involved in degradation?

A

LMP2/7

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26
Q

What do Tap1/2 do?

A

Transport cytosolic antigens across ER

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27
Q

What do calnexin, ERP57, and calreticulin do?

A

Chaperons in ER helping with assembly of MHCI

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28
Q

What is ERAAP?

A

Trims peptides when the enter ER so they can be bound MHCI

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29
Q

What does calnexin do

A

Holds MHCI chain until B2 microglobin binds

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30
Q

What does tapasin do?

A

Holds MHCI to tap so can bind peptides

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31
Q

How are MHCII antigens processed?

A

Endosomes and lysosomes

32
Q

How does MHCII antigen bind MHCII?

A

Endosome fuses with vesicle that has MHCII

33
Q

What is an invariant chain?

A

Occupies MHCII binding site in vesicle

Degraded in acidic endsome leaving CLIP

34
Q

What is CLIP?

A

Portion of invariant chain left behind in endsome

35
Q

What releases CLIP?

A

HLA-DM

36
Q

What does HLA-DM do?

A

Releases CLIP

37
Q

What does MHCI do in absence of foreign antigen?

A

Presents self on surface

38
Q

What does MHCII do under normal condition?

A

Contains CLIP, not self antigen like MHCI

39
Q

Can CD4 recognize free antigen?

A
  • NO

- Only antigen in MHCII on surface of APC

40
Q

What does T cell, MHC interaction produce?

A

T cell proliferation and differentiation

41
Q

What can CD4 cells do?

A

Mediate macrophage activation

Act as helper cell in antibody response by secreting cytokines

42
Q

What is Th1?

A

T cell that activate macs that have presented antigen

43
Q

What T cells activate macs?

A

TH1

44
Q

What is Th2?

A

Induce antibody synthesis when B cell presents

45
Q

What T cells induce antibody synthesis?

A

TH2

46
Q

What T cells induce antibody synthesis?

A

TH2

47
Q

Characteristics of resting/immature CD?

A

Not good at antigen presentation

Good at phagocytosis

48
Q

When do DCs mature?

A

During innate response and after eating something

49
Q

What do mature D cells do?

A
  • Present antigen well
  • Produce cytokines necessary for T prolif/dif
  • Present co stimulatory molecules
50
Q

What are some costimulatory molecules?

A

B7

CD80/86

51
Q

What is required for naive T cell activation?

A

Signal from MHC with antigen

Signal from B7/CD28

52
Q

Where is B7 found?

A

Surface of APC

53
Q

What does B7 interact with?

A

CD28 on T cells

54
Q

Where is CD 28 found?

A

Surface of T cells

55
Q

What happens when APC takes up antigen that is not microorganism?

A

B7 may not be expressed

56
Q

What happens when no B7

A

CD40/CD40L process initiatated

57
Q

How does APC/T interaction start if no B7

A
  • T cell expresses CD40L
  • Interacts with CD40 on T cell surface
  • This induces B7 for costimulation activating T cell
58
Q

Cells required for antibody productoin?

A

Both B and T cells

59
Q

B cell APC?

A
  • B7 activated on B cell when presents antigen in MHCII
  • T cell recognize antigen and are activated
  • T cell now expresses CD40L
  • CD40 system causes T to release cytokines activating B
60
Q

How long must naive T cells be engaged?

A
  • Not long to begin signalling

- Minutes to hours for prolif/dif

61
Q

What is immunlogical synapse?

A

Prolonged engagement of T cell with MHC allowing for diff/prolif

62
Q

What facilitates immunological synsapse?

A

LFA1 - on T cell

ICAM1 - on APC

63
Q

Where is ICAM1 found?

A

APC

64
Q

Where is LFA2 found?

A

T cell

65
Q

Where is LFA2 found?

A

T cell

66
Q

Can TH1 activate B cell?

A

Yes but to a much lesser extent than TH2`

67
Q

What are plasmacytoid dendritic cells?

A

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells - important in protection from virus

68
Q

What is interferon?

A

Antiviral cytokine

69
Q

Why do lymph nodes swell in strep?

A

Lymph nodes swell in strep throat as the are full of T cells that have been activated by antigens

70
Q

Can CD4 recognize free antigen?

A

No, only in context of MHCII

71
Q

Cytokine for TH1 response?

A

INFG

72
Q

What is INFG important for?

A

TH1 response

73
Q

What is IL4 inportant for?

A

TH2 response

74
Q

What is cytokine for TH2 pathways?

A

IL4

75
Q

When is B7 used?

A

Only if foreign partical is micro organism

76
Q

B7 and CD40 always present on cell surface?

A

Only 40C

77
Q

Can class switching occur without T cells ?

A

No

Host Defense (12 decks)

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