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Host Defense > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

When does B cell light chain rearrangement occur?

A

Light chain gene rearrangement occurs in pre B cell resulting in kappa or lambda light chain

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2
Q

What does kappa or lambda chain become?

A

IgM on surface

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3
Q

How do you know something is a B cell?

A

When you see IGM on cell surface you know it is a B cell

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4
Q

Antigen dependent/independent portions of B cell development?

A

What happens in marrow is antigen independent

What happens out of marrow is antigen dependent

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5
Q

Which B cells are innate like?

A

B1 and marginal

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6
Q

Describe B 1 and marginal B cells?

A

Not truly innate as they rearrange which is adaptive
Don’t require T cell help
Do not have memory

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7
Q

What is the classic B cell?

A

B2

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8
Q

Where is B1 made?

A

Fetal liver

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9
Q

Are B1 cells continually made?

A

No

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10
Q

Where are B1s found?

A

B1 cells primarily found in peritoneal and pleural cavity

Not found in blood or normal lymphoid tissue

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11
Q

Describe B1?

A

No isotype switch
Mostly against carbs
Do not use T cell help
Self renewing

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12
Q

Describe marginal B cells?

A

First line of defense
Made after birth
Like B1 cells but located in marginal zone of spleen

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13
Q

What happens if too little antigen is present?

A

May gain tolerance and not be able to respond later

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14
Q

What affects immongenicity?

A

Size - Bigger antigen bigger response
Route -
Ajduvent

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15
Q

Whey is insulin not immunogenic?

A

Too small

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16
Q

How big must something be to generate immune response?

A

10k daltons

17
Q

Which routes are best for vaccination?

A
  • Subcutaneous > intraperitoneal > IV or intragastric
18
Q

Soluble or nonsoluble antigen generate better response??

A

Non soluble

19
Q

Most common adjuvant?

A

Aluminum hydroxide, AKA alum

20
Q

Two signals needed for B cell activation?

A

Signal one is taking up antigen through IGM

Signal two comes from T cell

21
Q

What are T inidependent B cells?

A

T independent B cells are usually B1 cell type that recognize carbs

22
Q

What happens to activated B cells?

A

B Cells become germinal centers which secrete plasma cells and memory B cells

23
Q

B & T cell interaction?blem

A

They do not recognize the same epitope
B cells recognize native epitope
B cells recognize confirmation determinant not linear peptide
T cells recognize a peptide in context of MHC
T cells recognize linear peptide

24
Q

Which B cell response do babies have?

A

T dependant
Do not have T independant so cannot react with carbs
This is problem with hemapluous flu as it is carb

25
Q

What does tetansus toxoid do?

A

Attaches to carb portion of flu so baby immune system can recognize tetanus protein portion
T cell will then react protein portion activating B cell
In this way baby has tricked immune system to making T independant response even though they cannot generate one

26
Q

How are proteins and carbs handled in B cell?

A

Proteins - t dependent antigens

Carbs - T independent antigens

27
Q

How does secondary response increase affinity?

A

Somatic hypermutation

28
Q

What is required for class switching?

A

AID
B cell starts out as IgM/IgD
Need aid to switch

29
Q

Where does isotype switch occur?

A

Germinal center

30
Q

Two dypes of somatic rarrengment?

A

Isotype switch

VDJ rearrangement

31
Q

What is required for rearrangment?

A

Rag1/2

32
Q

What can happen in germinal center?

A

Isotype switch
Rearrangement
Memory cell development
Plasma cell development

33
Q

What happens in dark and light zone of germinal center?

A

Dark zone - mutation occurs here

Light zone - mechanism where B cells with high affinity occur here

34
Q

What happens to low affinity or self reactive B cells?

A

If cell is low affinity or self affinity it will not be activated and will die
BCR will not be cross linked so it cannot present antigen to T cell and will die

35
Q

What happens to low affinity or self reactive B cells?

A

If cell is low affinity or self affinity it will not be activated and will die
BCR will not be cross linked so it cannot present antigen to T cell and will die

36
Q

What do follicular dendritic cells do?

A

Found in germinal centers & carry antigen for B cell to present to T
Found in light zone and have antigen on surface
B cell will respond to this and take it up if there is a match to present to T cell

37
Q

What must B cell in germinal center do for survivial?

A

For the B cell to be selected by T cell for survival, it must present something to T cell

38
Q

What are TI antigens?

A

TI antigen - T independent most likely a carbohydrate
TI response have no germinal centers are there are no T cells
No memory, mutation, or isotype switch
They can make plasma cells but only IGM

39
Q

What are TI antigens?

A

TI antigen - T independent most likely a carbohydrate
TI response have no germinal centers are there are no T cells
No memory, mutation, or isotype switch
They can make plasma cells but only IGM

Host Defense (12 decks)

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