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Host Defense > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

5 classes of immunoglobins?

A 
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE
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2
Q

What is IgE involved in?

A

Allergic hypersensitivity

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3
Q

Which immunglobin is involved in allergic hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

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4
Q

What is IgD?

A

Found mainly on surface of B cells

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5
Q

Which Ig is found mainly on surface of B cells?

A

IgD

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6
Q

What is IgM?

A

Predominant antibody in primary response

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7
Q

What is the predominant antibody in primary response?

A

IgM

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8
Q

What is IgA?

A

Predeominant Ig IN external secretions

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9
Q

What is the predeominant Ig in external secretions?

A

IgA

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10
Q

What is IgG?

A

Predominat antibody in secondary response

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11
Q

What is the predominat antibody in secondary response?

A

IgG

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12
Q

Core structure of antibody?

A

2 identical light chains

2 identical heavy chains

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13
Q

Two light chain classes?

A

Kappa

Lambda

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14
Q

What determines Ig Isotype?

A

Heavy chain

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15
Q

Heavy chain types?

A 
Mu
Gamma
Epsilon
Alpha 
Delta
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16
Q

Where is the variable region found?

A

N terminus of light and heavy chain

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17
Q

What makes up antigen binding site?

A

Variable end of light and heavy chain

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18
Q

Function of constant region?

A
  • Placental crossing
  • Attachment of FC receptors in macs, monos, etc
  • Sites for binding complements
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19
Q

What is IgA?

A

Predeominant Ig in external secretions

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20
Q

Another name for variable region?

A

Fab

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21
Q

Another name for constant region?

A

Fc

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22
Q

What identifies Ig isotypes?/

A

Constant region of heavy chain

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23
Q

Structure of IgM?

A

Pentameric with 5 IgMs and J chain joining sub units

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24
Q

Which Ig has highest serum concentration?

A

IgG

25
Q

What is an Ig?

A

Antibody

26
Q

What holds Ig chains together?

A

Disulfide bonds

27
Q

How many binding sites per antibody?

A

2

28
Q

How many types of antibody does plasma cell make?

A

1

29
Q

What is epitope?

A

Part of antigen recognized by Ig

30
Q

How big is an epitope?

A

6 - 8 aas

31
Q

What is the hinge region?

A
  • Portion of antibody open to solvent that would be cleaved by protease
  • Called hinge as it allows binding sites to move around it
32
Q

Which Ig is largest?

A

IgM

Pentamer

33
Q

What is most prevalent Ig?

A

IgG

34
Q

Where is IgD found?

A

None in serum, only on surface of B cell

35
Q

How many grams of protein per ml blood?

A
  • 100mg/ml

- 10 % is IgG

36
Q

How many epitopes can IgM bind?

A

10 as it is a pentamer and each unit can bind 2 epitopes

37
Q

How is IgA found?

A

IgA is found in the blood as a monomer

IgA is found in mucosal secretions as a dimer

38
Q

What are the functions of antibodies?

A
  • Neutralization - antibodies can bind toxins made by pathogens to neutralize it
  • Opsonization - binding of antibody to pathogen allowing pathogen to be taken up by cell
    I- g can sensitize pathogens for killing by NK cells & Mast cells
39
Q

What are the functions of antibodies?

A
  1. Neutralization - antibodies can bind toxins made by pathogens to neutralize it
  2. Opsonization - binding of antibody to pathogen allowing pathogen to be taken up by cell
  3. Complement activation - antibody activates complement which optimizes opsonization and lyses some bacteria
40
Q

What happens if mast cell becomes degranulated?

A
  • Releases histamines & host becomes sick/allergic
  • If IgE recognizes antigen specific to its Fab, IgE molecules cross link causing mass cell to degranulate and release histamine
41
Q

Opsinization or complement system for effective?

A

Complement system

42
Q

What are Fc receptors?

A
  • Receptors that bind Fc region of Igs found on a variety of cells
  • Antibodies aggregate on surface of pathogen allowing pathogen to be bound by Fc Receptors on macrophages which causes them to cross link activating the macrophage
43
Q

What does binding to macrophages FcR do?

A

Activates it by causing FcR to crosslink

44
Q

What Ig is high before birth?

A

Maternal IgG as it is only Ig to cross placenta

45
Q

When does baby start making Igs?

A

IgM - before birth

IgG - 9 months

46
Q

Crucial time in babies immunity?

A

6 - 9 months is a crucial time for baby as maternal Ig drops and babies is not yet ramped

47
Q

If you have had disease is vaccine antibody memory better or worse?

A

Worse

48
Q

What are Monoclonal antibody?

A

Comes from one clone of B cells

49
Q

What are polyclonal antibodies?

A

Many B cells making many types of antibodies

50
Q

Ig response to pathogen?

A

Each pathogen has many epitopes so you have polyclonal response with various antibodies to its various epitopes

51
Q

What is IVIG?

A
  • Polyclonal antibody used to treat many immune deficiencies and immune disorders
  • Blood pooled from thousands of people, antibodies isolated, and given the physicians
  • Works well if you have patient you don’t know how to treat since high likelihood 1 of 1000s of people from whom blood was taken will have antibody
52
Q

What is used on patient with immune disorder you do not know how to treat?

A

IVIG

53
Q

What does a drug ending in mab usually mean?

A

Monoclonal antibody that can be used to fight tumors

54
Q

What does aggregation of Ig cause?

A

Cross linking of Fc receptors on surface of macs and other cells allowing for them to be activated

55
Q

When are adult levels of IgM reached in child?

A

10 months

56
Q

When are adult levels of IgG reached in child?

A

4 years

57
Q

When are adult levels of IgA reached in child?

A

Ten years

58
Q

What is IVIG used to treat?

A

Inflamatory diseases

Host Defense (12 decks)

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