Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

5 classes of immunoglobins?

A
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE
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2
Q

What is IgE involved in?

A

Allergic hypersensitivity

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3
Q

Which immunglobin is involved in allergic hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

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4
Q

What is IgD?

A

Found mainly on surface of B cells

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5
Q

Which Ig is found mainly on surface of B cells?

A

IgD

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6
Q

What is IgM?

A

Predominant antibody in primary response

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7
Q

What is the predominant antibody in primary response?

A

IgM

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8
Q

What is IgA?

A

Predeominant Ig IN external secretions

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9
Q

What is the predeominant Ig in external secretions?

A

IgA

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10
Q

What is IgG?

A

Predominat antibody in secondary response

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11
Q

What is the predominat antibody in secondary response?

A

IgG

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12
Q

Core structure of antibody?

A

2 identical light chains

2 identical heavy chains

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13
Q

Two light chain classes?

A

Kappa

Lambda

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14
Q

What determines Ig Isotype?

A

Heavy chain

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15
Q

Heavy chain types?

A
Mu
Gamma
Epsilon
Alpha 
Delta
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16
Q

Where is the variable region found?

A

N terminus of light and heavy chain

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17
Q

What makes up antigen binding site?

A

Variable end of light and heavy chain

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18
Q

Function of constant region?

A
  • Placental crossing
  • Attachment of FC receptors in macs, monos, etc
  • Sites for binding complements
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19
Q

What is IgA?

A

Predeominant Ig in external secretions

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20
Q

Another name for variable region?

A

Fab

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21
Q

Another name for constant region?

A

Fc

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22
Q

What identifies Ig isotypes?/

A

Constant region of heavy chain

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23
Q

Structure of IgM?

A

Pentameric with 5 IgMs and J chain joining sub units

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24
Q

Which Ig has highest serum concentration?

25
What is an Ig?
Antibody
26
What holds Ig chains together?
Disulfide bonds
27
How many binding sites per antibody?
2
28
How many types of antibody does plasma cell make?
1
29
What is epitope?
Part of antigen recognized by Ig
30
How big is an epitope?
6 - 8 aas
31
What is the hinge region?
- Portion of antibody open to solvent that would be cleaved by protease - Called hinge as it allows binding sites to move around it
32
Which Ig is largest?
IgM | Pentamer
33
What is most prevalent Ig?
IgG
34
Where is IgD found?
None in serum, only on surface of B cell
35
How many grams of protein per ml blood?
- 100mg/ml | - 10 % is IgG
36
How many epitopes can IgM bind?
10 as it is a pentamer and each unit can bind 2 epitopes
37
How is IgA found?
IgA is found in the blood as a monomer | IgA is found in mucosal secretions as a dimer
38
What are the functions of antibodies?
- Neutralization - antibodies can bind toxins made by pathogens to neutralize it - Opsonization - binding of antibody to pathogen allowing pathogen to be taken up by cell I- g can sensitize pathogens for killing by NK cells & Mast cells
39
What are the functions of antibodies?
1. Neutralization - antibodies can bind toxins made by pathogens to neutralize it 2. Opsonization - binding of antibody to pathogen allowing pathogen to be taken up by cell 3. Complement activation - antibody activates complement which optimizes opsonization and lyses some bacteria
40
What happens if mast cell becomes degranulated?
- Releases histamines & host becomes sick/allergic - If IgE recognizes antigen specific to its Fab, IgE molecules cross link causing mass cell to degranulate and release histamine
41
Opsinization or complement system for effective?
Complement system
42
What are Fc receptors?
- Receptors that bind Fc region of Igs found on a variety of cells - Antibodies aggregate on surface of pathogen allowing pathogen to be bound by Fc Receptors on macrophages which causes them to cross link activating the macrophage
43
What does binding to macrophages FcR do?
Activates it by causing FcR to crosslink
44
What Ig is high before birth?
Maternal IgG as it is only Ig to cross placenta
45
When does baby start making Igs?
IgM - before birth | IgG - 9 months
46
Crucial time in babies immunity?
6 - 9 months is a crucial time for baby as maternal Ig drops and babies is not yet ramped
47
If you have had disease is vaccine antibody memory better or worse?
Worse
48
What are Monoclonal antibody?
Comes from one clone of B cells
49
What are polyclonal antibodies?
Many B cells making many types of antibodies
50
Ig response to pathogen?
Each pathogen has many epitopes so you have polyclonal response with various antibodies to its various epitopes
51
What is IVIG?
- Polyclonal antibody used to treat many immune deficiencies and immune disorders - Blood pooled from thousands of people, antibodies isolated, and given the physicians - Works well if you have patient you don’t know how to treat since high likelihood 1 of 1000s of people from whom blood was taken will have antibody
52
What is used on patient with immune disorder you do not know how to treat?
IVIG
53
What does a drug ending in mab usually mean?
Monoclonal antibody that can be used to fight tumors
54
What does aggregation of Ig cause?
Cross linking of Fc receptors on surface of macs and other cells allowing for them to be activated
55
When are adult levels of IgM reached in child?
10 months
56
When are adult levels of IgG reached in child?
4 years
57
When are adult levels of IgA reached in child?
Ten years
58
What is IVIG used to treat?
Inflamatory diseases