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Exercise Physiology > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

A

Carry O2 to and remove CO2 from all body tissues

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2
Q

What are the 4 processes of the respiratory system?

A
  • Pulmonary ventilation
  • Pulmonary diffusion
  • Transport of gases via blood
  • Capillary diffusion
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3
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

Process of moving air into and out of the lungs
(transport zone and exchange zone)

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4
Q

What are the more basic words of pulmonary ventilation?

A

Inspiration
Expiration

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5
Q

What muscles does inspiration use?

A

Diaphragm flattens
External intercostals move the rid cage and sternum up and out

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6
Q

What is boyle’s law?

A

When lung volume increases, the intrapulmonary pressure decreases

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7
Q

What muscles are used in forced breathing?

A

Scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pectorals
Ribs rise even further

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8
Q

What is Boyle’s law in regard to expiration?

A

When lung volume decreases, the intrapulmonary pressure increases

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9
Q

What are the muscles that expiration uses?

A

Internal intercostals, latissimus dorsi, quadratus lumborum

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10
Q

What is the respiratory pump?

A

Changes in intra-abdominal pressure promote venous return to the heart

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11
Q

What is pulmonary diffusion?

A

Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries

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12
Q

What are the two major functions of pulmonary diffusion?

A

Replenishes blood oxygen supply
removes carbon dioxide from blood

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13
Q

How much blood do the lungs receive at rest?

A

~4-6 L blood/min

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14
Q

What is the lung MAP?

A

15 mmHg

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15
Q

What is included in the respiratory membrane (alveolar-capillary membrane)?

A

Alveolar wall
Capillary Wall
Respective basement membranes

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16
Q

What is built up to make air?

A

79.04% N2 + 20.93% O2 + 0.03% CO2

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17
Q

What is the standard atmospheric pressure?

A

760 mmHg

18
Q

What is the formula for Dalton’s law?

A

P=PN2+PO2+PCO2

19
Q

What is O2 diffusion capacity?

A

O2 volume diffused per min per mmHg of gradient

20
Q

What happens to oxygen exchange when at rest?

A

O2 diffusion capacity is limited due to incomplete lung perfusion

21
Q

What happens to oxygen exchange when doing exercise?

A

O2 diffusion capacity will increase due to more even lung perfusion

22
Q

What is the pulmonary artery PCO2 level?

A

~46mmHg

23
Q

What is the alveolar PCO2 level?

A

~40mmHg

24
Q

What is the carrying capacity of blood?

A

20 mL O2/100ml blood

25
Q

How much blood is transported due to bound of hemoglobin?

A

> 98%

26
Q

How much blood is transported due to dissolved in plasma?

A

<2%

27
Q

What are factors that affect hemoglobin saturation?

A

Blood pH
Blood temperature

28
Q

What is the blood oxygen-carrying capacity?

A

The maximum amount of O2 blood can carry

29
Q

What is CO2 released as?

A

Waste from cells

30
Q

What three ways are CO2 carried in blood?

A

Bicarbonate ions
Dissolved in plasma
Bound to Hb (carbaminohemoglobin)

31
Q

What does bicarbonate ions transport?

A

60-70% of CO2 in blood to lungs

32
Q

What does CO2 and water form?

A

Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)

33
Q

What are carbonic acid dissociate into?

A

Bicarbonate

34
Q

What % of CO2 is transported bound to Hb?

A

20-33%

35
Q

What is the arterial-venous oxygen difference?

A

Differenet between arterial and venous O2

36
Q

How is O2 transported in the muscle?

A

By myoglobin

37
Q

What factors influence oxygen delivery and uptake?

A

O2 contents of blood
Blood flow
Local conditions (pH, temperature)

38
Q

What 2 systems are required for coordination of pulmonary ventilation?

A

Respiratory and cardiovascular systems

39
Q

Where are respiratory centers located?

A

Brain stem

40
Q

What are central chemoreceptors stimulated by?

A

Increased CO2 in cerebrospinal fluid

41
Q

What are the central mechanisms of regulation?

A

Respiratory centers (inspiratory, expiratory)
Central chemoreceptors

42
Q
A

Exercise Physiology (10 decks)

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