Lecture 5

Question 1

What does substrate metabolism efficiency do?

Answer 1

Break down substrate energy into ATP and heat

Question 2

What is 40% of substrate energy broken down into?

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

What is 60% of substrate energy borken down into?

Answer 3

heat

Question 4

How can heat production be measured?

Answer 4

Calorimetery

Question 5

What are pros of direct calorimetry?

Answer 5

-Accurate overtime
-Good for resting metabolic measurements

Question 6

What are cons of direct calorimetry?

Answer 6

-Expensive and slow
-Heat added by exercise equipment
-Measurement errors due to sweat
-netierh practical nor accurate for exercise

Question 7

What does indirect calorimetry do?

Answer 7

Estimate total body energy expenditure based on O2 used and CO2 produced

Question 8

What is VO2?

Answer 8

Volue of O2 consumes per minute

Question 9

What is the equation for finding VO2?

Answer 9

VO2 = (Vi x FiO2) - (Ve x FeO2)

Question 10

What is VCO2?

Answer 10

Volume of CO2 produced per minute

Question 11

What is the equation for finding VCO2?

Answer 11

VCo2 = (Ve x FeCO2) - (Vi x FiCO2)

Question 12

What is FiO2 always going to be?

Answer 12

21%

Question 13

What is FiCO2 always going to be?

Answer 13

0.03%

Question 14

What does the O2 usage during metabolism depend on?

Answer 14

The type of fuel bring oxidized

Question 15

If there is more carbon atoms in a molecule , what does it need?

Answer 15

More O2

Question 16

What does RER stand for?

Answer 16

Respiratory Exchange Ratio

Question 17

What is the equation of RER?

Answer 17

RER = VCO2/VO2 (somewhere between 0.7-1)

Question 18

What are the units for RER?

Answer 18

kcal/O2

Question 19

What is indirect calorimetry good for?

Answer 19

Rest or low aerobic not anaerobic

Question 20

What are the 5 steps to measure Energy Expenditure?

Answer 20

1.Calculate VO2
2.Calculate VCO2
3.Calculate RER
4.Use RER to obtain kcal/L O2
5.Use kcal/L O2 and VO2 to calculate EE

Question 21

What is the Metabolic rate?

Answer 21

Rate of energy use by the body

Question 22

What is RER and O2 usually at rest?

Answer 22

0.80 and 0.3L/min

Question 23

What is the metabolic rate at rest?

Answer 23

2,000 kcal/day

Question 24

What is the basal metabolic rate?

Answer 24

Rate of energy expenditure at rest (the minimum amount of energy our body requires to live minimally)

Question 25

What is the normal range for resting metabolic rate?

Answer 25

1,200 - 2,400 kcal/day

Question 26

What is the normal range for the total daily metabolic activity?

Answer 26

1,800 - 3,000 kcal/day

Question 27

When does metabolic rate increase?

Answer 27

With exercise intensity (harder run=faster run)

Question 28

What happens when the slow component of O2 uptake kinetics?

Answer 28

At high power outputs, VO2 continues to increase
More type 2 fiber recruitment occurs

Question 29

What is Vo2 drift?

Answer 29

Upward drift observed even at low power outputs

Question 30

What is the VO2max?

Answer 30

The point at which O2 consumption doesn’t increase with further increase in intensity

Question 31

When does VO2max plateau?

Answer 31

After 8-12 weeks of training

Question 32

How is VO2max expressed?

Answer 32

L/min (suitable for non-weight-bearing activities)

Question 33

What happens when O2 is demanded?

Answer 33

O2 is consumes in early exercise

Question 34

What happens when O2 is consumed?

Answer 34

O2 demand in early recovery

Question 35

What is lactate threshold?

Answer 35

The Point at which blood lactate accumulation increases markedly

Question 36

What is the lactate threshold usually expressed of VO2max?

Answer 36

A percentage

Question 37

What happens when there is a higher lactate threshold?

Answer 37

Better endurance performance

Question 38

What is multifactorial phenomenon?

Answer 38

The economy increases with the distance of race (practice leads to better economics of movement)

Question 39

Successful Endurance athletes have what 4 things?

Answer 39

1. High VO2max
2. High lactate threshold (as % VO2max)
3. High economy of effort
4. High percentage of type 1 muscle fibres