Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exercise Physiology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neuron?

A

excitable tissue, basic structure unit of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 major regions of the neuron?

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does myelin do to propagation?

A

Speeds it up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does larger axon diameter mean?

A

Faster propagation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

Fatty sheath around the axon that is not continuous and has saltatory conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Junction or gap between neurons
(serves as a site of neuron-to-neuron communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the signal through the neuron?

A

Axon, synapse, Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which direction can an action potential travel?

A

One direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the neurotransmitters of an axon terminals do?

A

-Chemical messenger
-Carry electrical Ap signal across synaptic cleft
-Bind to receptor on postsynaptic surface
-Stimulate GOs in postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the neuromuscular junction use as its neurotransmitter?

A

ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can a postsynaptic cell be?

A

Muscle Fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does ACh bind to receptor?

A

At motor end plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What neurotransmitters govern exercise?

A

ACh and norepinephrine(NE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does Peroxisome proliferator-activated Receptor-y coactivator 1a (PGC-1a) do?

A

-Increase branching of presynaptic terminal motor neuron
-Increase number of presynaptic vesicles containing ACh
-Increase number of ACh receptors on cell membrane
-Decrease size of motor end plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

A

Depolarizing and excitatory and promotes AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the summation of Excitatory postsynaptic potential?

A

Multiple EPSPs = More depolarizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is inhibitory postsynaptic potential (ISPS)?

A

Hyperpolarizing and inhibitory and prevents AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the summation of Inhibitory postsynaptic potential?

A

Multiple IPSPs = MOre hyper polarizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do?

A

Conscious control of skeletal muscle movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the Basal Ganglia do?

A

Initiation of sustained or repetitive movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the thalamus serve as?

A

Major sensory relay center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Maintains homeostasis, regulates internal environmnet

23
Q

What are parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

24
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A
  • Control movement
    -Coordinates timing of movements
    -Compares movements with intentions
    -Account for body position
    -receive input from primary motor cortex
25
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

Info relay between brain and spinal cord

26
Q

What is reticular formation?

A

Coordinates skeletal muscle function and tone, controls cardiovascular and respiratory function

27
Q

What it the Analgesia system?

A

opioid substances modulate pain here, releases b-endorphin with exercise

28
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

Tract of nerve fibers permit two-way conduction of nerve impulses

29
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

30
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

31
Q

What are the two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Sensory
Motor

32
Q

What does the sensory division do?

A

Transmits information from the periphery to the brain

33
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

Physical forces

34
Q

What are thermoreceptors?

A

Temperature

35
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

Pain

36
Q

What are photoreceptors?

A

Light

37
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

Chemical stimuli

38
Q

What are joint kinesthetic receptors?

A

Sensitive to joint angles, sense joint position and movement

39
Q

What are muscle spindles?

A

Sensitive to muscle length, sense muscle stretch

40
Q

What are golgi tendon organs?

A

Sensitive to tension in tendon, sense strength of contraction

41
Q

What does the motor division do?

A

Transmits information from brain to periphery

42
Q

What are the subdivisions of the motor division?

A

Autonomic (regulates visceral activity)
Somatic (stimulates skeletal muscle activity)

43
Q

What does the autonomic system do?

A

Control of involuntary internal functions

44
Q

What are some exercise-related autonomic regulation?

A

HR, BP
Lung function

45
Q

What are the two complementary divisions of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

46
Q

What does the sensory-motor integration do?

A

Communication and interaction between sensory and motor systems

47
Q

What are the 5 steps of sensory-motor integration?

A
  1. Stimulus sensed by sensory receptor
  2. Sensory AP sent on sensory neurons to CNS
  3. CNS interprets sensory information, sends out response
  4. Motor AP sent out on a-motor neurons
  5. Arrives at skeletal muscle, and response occurs
48
Q

What does the complexity of integration do as it ascends through the CNS?

A

Increases

49
Q

What is motor reflex?

A

Instant, preprogrammed response to stimuli
Response to stimulus identical each time
Before conscious awareness

50
Q

What are specialized intrafusal muscle fibers?

A

Innervated by g-motor neurons, sensory receptors for muscle fiber stretch

51
Q

What does muscle spindle sensory neuron if it is stretched?

A

Synapses in spinal cord with a-motor neuron
Trigger for reflex muscle contraction
Prevention of further stretch
Stretch reflex

52
Q

What does a sensory receptor embedded in a tendon do?

A

Sensitive to tension in tendon (strain gauge)

53
Q

When stimulated by excessive tension, what do golgi tendon organs do?

A

Inhibit of agonists, excitation of antagonists
Prevent excessive tension in muscle tendon
reduced potential for injury

Exercise Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions