Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 1: Neuroscience > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons?

A

-Different neuron shapes allows for different functions
-Different synapse types allows for different functions
-Human Brain has ~100B neurons and ~100T synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Few Dendrites allows for?

A

Specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Many Dendrites allows for?

A

Intensity or Integration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chemical Synapse allows for?

A

Adaptability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Electrical Synapse allows for?

A

Speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brain has 3 Cortexes?

A

-Neocortex
-Mesocortex
-Allocortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neocortex?

A

Highly evolved and responsible for decision making personality, and other higher order thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mesocortex?

A

Limbic system responsible for emotion and memory function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Allocortex?

A

Within mesocortex and critical for creating new memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cortical Lobes?

A

-Frontal Lobe
-Parietal Lobe
-Occipital Lobe
-Temporal Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(Cortical Lobes)
Frontal Lobe?

A

-Movement (motor cortex - posterior portion of frontal lobe)
-Complex behaviors: planning, changing strategies, self awareness, attention to emotionally related stimuli and spontaneity of behavior
-Production of speech (Broca’s area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(Cortical Lobes) Parietal Lobe?

A

-Somatosensory perception
-Some visually and acoustically related functions
-Perception of space and in monitoring the body’s position in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(Cortical Lobes) Occipital Lobe?

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(Cortical Lobes) Temporal Lobe?

A

-Hearing
-Some functions in vision, memory and factors of personality and social behavior
-Comprehending spoken words (Wernicke’s area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Subcortical Structures?

A

-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus
-Limbic System
-Basal Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(Subcortical Structures)
Thalamus?

A

Information “relay station”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(Subcortical Structures)
Hypothalamus?

A

Maintain homeostasis via hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

(Subcortical Structures)
Limbic System?

A

Emotion and memory (Hippocampus and Amygdala)

19
Q

(Subcortical Structures)
Basal Ganglia?

A

Decide whether to initiate movement or not

20
Q

Cerebellum?

A

-Motor control and coordination
-Has its own cortex and subcortical structures (deep nuclei)

21
Q

(Brainstem)
Cranial Nerves?

A

(Cerebrum)
-CN I (Olfactory)
-CN II (Optic)
(Midbrain)
-CN III (Oculomotor)
-CN IV (Trochlear)
(Pons)
-CN V (Trigeminal)
-CN VI (Abducens)
-CN VII (Facial)
-CN VIII (Vestibulo.)
(Medulla Oblongata)
-CN IX (Glosso.)
-CN X (Vagus)
-CN XI (Accessory)
-CN XII (Hypoglossal)

22
Q

Midbrain?

A

Sits on dorsal surface of Brainstem, behind Cerebellum
(Quadrigeminal Plate)

23
Q

Pons?

A

-Floor of 4th ventricle
-Consists of cerebellar peduncles which connect hemispheres of cerebellum (Superior (under colliculi)) (Middle (Bridge of Pons)) (Inferior (Inferior/Medial to Middle))

24
Q

Medulla?

A

-Pyramidal and lemniscal decussations (Gracile and Cuneate nucleus)
-Inferior olive
-Reticular formation
-Obex

25
Q

(Medulla) Inferior olive?

A

Motor control

26
Q

(Medulla) Reticular formation?

A

Arousal, consciousness (Extends into pons and midbrain)

27
Q

(Medulla) Obex?

A

4th ventricle narrows to central canal

27
Q

Spinal Cord?

A

-Sensory (afferent) tracts from nerve endings to CNS
-Motor (efferent) tracts from CNS to effector muscles/organs
(Dorsal Root ganglia)
(Ventral Horn)

28
Q

(Spinal Cord)
Dorsal Root ganglia?

A

Receive sensory information

29
Q

(Spinal Cord)
Ventral Horn?

A

Sends out motor information

30
Q

Upper Motor Neurons?

A

-Originate in motor cortex or brainstem
-Control signal output (spastic paresis during injury)

31
Q

Lower Motor Neurons?

A

-Spinal nerves and motor cranial nerves
-Signal output (flaccid paralysis during injury)

32
Q

(CNS Support)
Protective Layers?

A

1) BBB
2) Meninges
3) CSF

33
Q

(Protective Layers) Blood Brain Barrier?

A

Astrocytes + Endothelial Cells

34
Q

(Protective Layers)
Meninges?

A

-Dura Mater
-Arachnoid Mater
-Pia Mater

35
Q

(Protective Layers)
Cerebrospinal Fluid?

A

-Cushion/buoyancy
-Maintains intracranial pressure
-Waste clearance

36
Q

Cerebrovascular Supply?

A

-Despite heavily redundant paths, common injuries include: (Stroke (Ischemia, Hemorrhage), Aneurysm, Malformations)
-Anterior choroidal artery (a distal branch of internal carotid) supplies varies subcortical structures

37
Q

(Imaging Techniques)
Computerized Axial Tomograph (CT) Scan?

A

-360 degree X-Ray
-Hypodense (dark) = edema/infarction
-Hyperdense (bright) = calcification, hemorrhage, and bone trauma

38
Q

(Imaging Techniques)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)?

A

Brain waves from an electrode array

39
Q

(Imaging Techniques)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)?

A

Shows oxygenated blood flow activity

40
Q

(Imaging Techniques)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan?

A

Positron-emitting radioactive molecules are fused with substance of interest and consumed/applied (Glucose –> detects activity) (Precursors (ex. AA) –> detect proteins) (Ligands –> detect receptor activity)

41
Q

(Imaging Techniques)
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)?

A

(Direct measure of Brain Function)
-Very high temporal and spatial resolution (millimeter precision)
-Better than fMRI, PET, and SPECT

42
Q

(Imaging Techniques)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?

A

(MRI shows anatomical structures, TISSUE and FLUID)
-Magnetic field excites atoms, which release radio frequency, which is absorbed and recorded

Block 1: Neuroscience (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions