Lecture 4

Question 1

Types of Synapses?

Answer 1

-Electrical Synapse
-Chemical Synapse

Question 2

Electrical Synapse?

Answer 2

Communication via the direct electrical coupling of 2 cells through gap junctions

Question 3

Chemical Synapse?

Answer 3

Communication through the release and binding of neurotransmitters

Question 4

Electrical Synapsis - Gap Junctions?

Answer 4

-Several connexions make up one connexon
-2 connexons combine to make a gap junction

Question 5

Electrical Synapsis - Gap Junctions (PRO)?

Answer 5

Rapid Signal Transmission

Question 6

Electrical Synapsis - Gap Junctions (CON)?

Answer 6

Postsynaptic Signal = Presynaptic Signal

Question 7

Chemical Synapsis - Neurotransmitters Types?

Answer 7

1) Acetylcholine
2) Amino Acids
3) Purines
4) Biogenic Amines
5) Gases (NO, CO)
6) Peptides (much larger)

Question 8

Chemical Synapsis - Neurotransmitters (PRO)?

Answer 8

Postsynaptic signal differs from presynaptic signal

Question 9

Chemical Synapsis - Neurotransmitters (CON)?

Answer 9

Slow signal transmission

Question 10

Chemical Synapsis - Neurotransmitters (CON)?

Answer 10

Slow signal transmission

Question 11

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters?

Answer 11

-Inhibitory
-Excitatory

Question 12

Inhibitory?

Answer 12

1) GABA
2) Glycine
(Primarily responsible for IPSP’s (Influx of Cl- ions and/or efflux of K+ ions))

Question 13

Excitatory?

Answer 13

1) Glutamate
2) Acetylcholine
3) Catecholamines (Epi, NE, Dopamine)
4) Serotonin
5) Histamine
6) Aspartate
(Primarily responsible for EPSP’s (Influx of Ca2+))

Question 14

Tyrosine is the precursor for?

Answer 14

Dopamine, Epinephrine, and Norepinephrine

Question 15

Histidine is the precursor for?

Answer 15

Histamine

Question 16

Tryptophan is the precursor for?

Answer 16

Serotonin

Question 17

Life Cycle of Neurotransmitter?

Answer 17

1) Synthesis
2) Packaging/Transport
3) Docking (Priming)
4) Fusion and Release (Exocytosis)
5) Budding (Endocytosis)
6) Binding
7) Inactivation (Removal)

Question 18

Small Molecule Transmitters are synthesized in?

Answer 18

Pre-Synaptic Terminal and stored in Clear Core Vesicles

Question 19

Large Pro-Peptide Transmitters are synthesized in?

Answer 19

Cell Body and stored in Dense Core Vesicles

Question 20

Clathrin?

Answer 20

Coats membrane and begins process of endocytosis (fuse with membrane and like a claw, lift it up and bring it back into presynaptic terminal and cleave it off)

Question 21

Dynamin?

Answer 21

“Molecular Scissor” which pinches vesicle off membrane

Question 22

Neurotransmitters binds to the postsynaptic receptor and alters?

Answer 22

Postsynaptic membrane potential

Question 23

Neurotransmitters binds to the postsynaptic receptor and alters?

Answer 23

Postsynaptic membrane potential

Question 24

Inactivation Methods?

Answer 24

1) Diffusion of the transmitter from the synaptic space
2) Cleaving the transmitter into inactive constituents
3) Reuptake of transmitter back into presynaptic neuron via transporters

Question 25

Neuromuscular Junction?

Answer 25

1) Voluntary neuronal stimulus from CNS
2) AP leads to alpha-motor neuron stimulation
3) Ash released at postsynaptic membrane in neuromuscular junction

Question 26

Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 26

Autoimmune disease, where auto-antibodies target nAChR on the postsynaptic membrane (target nAChR and make ACh have nothing to bind to and doesn’t open channel so no contraction)

Question 27

Myasthenia Gravis Symptoms?

Answer 27

1) Muscle Weakness
2) Drooping Eyelids
3) Fatigue

Question 28

Myasthenia Gravis Treatment?

Answer 28

1) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors