Lecture 8: 12/8 Flashcards

1
Q

the corrugated (rough surface) pattern of the basement membrane of the ciliary body pigmented epithelium is called

A

reticulum of Mueller

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2
Q

what type of cells are found in the pigmented epithelium layer and how many layers of the cells are there?

A

it is a dark layer of cuboidal epithelium cells, single layer

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3
Q

the pigmented cuboidal epithelium cells continue forward to become the

A

iris, anterior epithelium

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4
Q

the pigmented cuboidal epithelium cells continue posterior to become the

A

RPE

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5
Q

what is found in the apex of the pigmented cuboidal epithelium layer cells?

A

dark pigmented granules with melanin pigment (the apex pointing internally)

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6
Q

explain how the white stripe appears on the pigmented epithelium layer?

A

at the top (the summit) of the ciliary processes there is less pigment

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7
Q

what do you find at the lateral walls between pigmented epithelial cells?

A

a few interdigitations and some desmosomes

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8
Q

which epithelium layer of the ciliary body has more organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum?

A

the nonpigmented epithelium

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9
Q

is the pigmented or nonpigmented epithelium the most internal of the epithelial layers of the ciliary body?

A

the nonpigmented epithelium

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10
Q

the nonpigmented epithelium continues anteriorly into the iris as

A

the posterior pigmented epithelium

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11
Q

the nonpigmented epithelium continues posteriorly as the

A

nervous part of the retina

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12
Q

the tight seals between the NPE with the desmosomes and interdigitations forms the:

A

blood-aqueous barrier

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13
Q

in the NPE:

-the cells are _____ in the pars plicata and ______ in the pars plana

A
  • cuboidal in pars plicana

- columnar in pars plana

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14
Q

what are the 3 components of the aqueous humor?

A
  • filtration
  • ultrafiltration
  • secretion
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15
Q

where does filtration of aqueous humor occur?

A

it is coarse and occurs in capillaries in the ciliary processes

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16
Q

where does ultrafiltration of aqueous humor occur?

A

finer process of fluid going in to epithelial cells

17
Q

describe secretion of aqueous humor

A

an active process using cell energy to pump fluid out of NPE into chamber

18
Q

what nervous control system causes the ciliary body to contract?

A

autonomic parasympathetic

19
Q

the iris is a continuation anteriorly of the

A

vascular tunic

20
Q

list 3 functions of the iris

A
  1. diaphragm
  2. amount of light- wide range illuminance
  3. aberrations
21
Q

miosis is

A

to decrease the aperture, make the pupil smaller, increases depth of field/focus

22
Q

triad for focusing at near

A
  1. convergence
  2. accommodation
  3. miosis
23
Q

mydriasis

A

decreased illuminance causes increased size of pupil

24
Q

the pharmaceutical drug used to dilate is called a

A

mydriatic drug

25
embryology of pupil formation
there is a sheet of mesoderm that covers the eye and it atrophies away to form the pupil, atrophy varies from person to person
26
crypts are
deep excavations that result from localized atrophy of the mesodermal layer
27
which layer of the iris has the darker pigmentation?
the posterior layer
28
the iris continues forward from the middle of the anterior face of the pars plicata. this is called the
root of the iris
29
the root of the iris is the thinnest part and is ____mm thick
0.5mm
30
average diameter of the iris is about
12mm
31
the aqueous humor, which is constantly produced by the ciliary body in the _____ chamber must make its way through the pupil into the _____ chamber to a drainage system
posterior -> | anterior
32
the pupil is eccentrically placed, meaning
the pupil is displaced towards the nasal side
33
describe a good demonstration of how the margin of the iris is resting on the lens
after cataract surgery- someone with iridonesis has the iris waving around because it may not have the support of the lens anymore
34
how can dilation cause aqueous flow problems?
it can stiffen the iris and out more pressure against the lens which can cause a flow of the fluid in the aqueous chamber
35
the thinnest part of the iris (where trauma can rip it) is called the
root of the iris
36
iridodyalis is
a tear of the root of the iris
37
the peripheral edge of the iris is attached to the:
ciliary body
38
is the central edge of the iris (pupillary margin) attached to anything?
no it is free and surrounds the aperture called the pupil