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Ocular Anatomy > Lecture 1/26 > Flashcards

Lecture 1/26 Flashcards

1
Q

3-4 in uterus, the morula turns into the

A

blastocyst

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2
Q

blastocyst cavity called

A

blastocoele

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3
Q

blastocyst outer layer called

A

trophoblast (eventually becomes placenta)

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4
Q

blastocyst inner layer called

A

inner cell mass, about 100 cells (embryo develops from this)

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5
Q

blastocyst gets lodged onto ____ in first 3-4 days

A

endometrium

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6
Q

what occurs in 2nd week

A

implantation, formation of 2 germ layers

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7
Q

2nd week: inner cell mass develops to have a

A

cavity (called amniotic cavity)

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8
Q

2nd week: lining of the cavity closer to trophoblast and then forms the

A

yolk sac

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9
Q

amniotic cavity will become what germinal layer

A

ectoderm

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10
Q

yolk sac will become what germinal layer

A

endoderm

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11
Q

amniotic sac and yolk sac meet, and the layer is called

A

embryonic disk

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12
Q

what occurs in the 3rd week

A

development of 3rd germinal layer (mesoderm)

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13
Q

3rd week: mesoderm arrives from

A

embryonic disk

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14
Q

tail and head of embryonic disk are called

A

tail: caudal end
head: cranial end

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15
Q

midline of the embryonic disk called

A

primative streak

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16
Q

where do mesodermal cells arise from

A

the primitive streak cells spreading out

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17
Q

segmented mesoderm called

A

somites

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18
Q

thickened ectoderm is called the

A

neural plate

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19
Q

neural groove formed when

A

the neural plate’s edges start to curve up

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20
Q

neural groove ->

A

neural fold

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21
Q

neural folds keep growing and form a

A

neural tube

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22
Q

neural tube cross section has 3 layers

A
  1. ependymal layer
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23
Q

neural tube ependymal layer is:

A

the inner most layer of non-specialized stem cells (cuboidal cells

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24
Q

which layer has the highest rate of mitosis in the neural tube

A

ependymal layer

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25
Q

neural tube mantle layer is:

A

nucleated cell layer which were formed in ependymal layer and migrated out

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26
Q

which layer of the neural tube will eventually form the grey matter of the nervous system

A

mantle layer

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27
Q

neural tube marginal layer is:

A

the outermost layer formed by extensions of fibrous processes from the mantle layer

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28
Q

which layer of the neural tube will eventually become the white matter of the nervous system

A

marginal layer (when fibrous processes are myelinated)

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29
Q

primary enlargements occurs after

A

closure of the head end (anterior end) of the neural tube

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30
Q

3 divisions of the primary enlargements

A
  1. forebrain
  2. midbrain
  3. hindbrain
31
Q

forebrain telencephalon becomes the

A

cerebrum

32
Q

forebrain diencephalon becomes the

A

eye

33
Q

4th week: neuro-ectoderm thickenings are called

A

optic primordia

34
Q

optic primordia will grow and form:

A

a pit called the optic pit

35
Q

optic pit deepens and makes a swelling which is called the

A

primary optic vesicle

36
Q

4th week midweek (day 25) area on primary optic vesicle starts to constrict and forms the

A

optic stalk

37
Q

the optic stalk space is continuous with

A

diencephalon

38
Q

the sides of the primary optic vesicle will become the

A

RPE

39
Q

the walls of the primary optic vesicle will become the

A

nervous retina

40
Q

the edges of the primary optic vesicle will become the

A

epithelium of the ciliary body and into the iris

41
Q

induction can lead to

A

induces surface ectoderm to form the lens placode

42
Q

surface ectoderm will contribute to what eye structures?

A

lacrimal gland, epithelium of conjunctiva, epithelium of the cornea, and the (epithelium, glands and cilia) of the eyelids

43
Q

primary optic vesicle invaginates in week 5 to form the

A

secondary optic vesicle (optic cup)

44
Q

inner wall of optic cup called

A

pars optica

45
Q

pars optica develops into

A

9 layers of the nervous retina

46
Q

inner wall starts at ___ and goes where

A

starts at optic stalk and goes peripherally

47
Q

anterior part of the optic cup is the

A

pars caeca

48
Q

pars caeca will develop into

A

epithelium of ciliary body and iris

49
Q

junction between pars caeca and pars optica will become the

A

ora serrata

50
Q

outer wall of the optic cup will become the

A

RPE

51
Q

defect in the optic cup called

A

choroidal fissure

52
Q

purpose of choroidal fissure

A

so mesoderm can migrate into optic cup and form the primary vitreous and so the hyaloid artery can grow into it

53
Q

lens pit forms the

A

lens vesicle

54
Q

week 6, lens vesicle turns into

A

ball of cells (to eventually become the lens)

55
Q

week6: choroidal fissure will

A

seal up, starting at the central optic stalk and goes both ways but CRA goes in before it fully closes

56
Q

defects of the choroidal fissure called

A

colobome

57
Q

vitreous cavity is filled with mesodermal cells which will form the

A

primary vitreous

58
Q

secondary vitreous is formed by

A

retina

59
Q

secondary vitreous does what to the primary vitreous

A

secondary surrounds primary and pushes it into a tube

60
Q

week 7 the RPE and nervous part of the retina do what

A

start to push together (this is a weak spot in the eye)

61
Q

week 7 importance

A

retinal organization into 9 layers

62
Q

week 8 importance

A

angle between stalks starts to decrease (down to 105 degrees)

63
Q

ependymal layer becomes the ____ of the developing retina

A

outer neuroblsatic layer

64
Q

mantle layer becomes the ____ of the developing retina

A

inner neuroblastic layer

65
Q

marginal layer becomes the ____ of the developing retina

A

fibrous layer

66
Q

outer neuroblastic layer develops into the

A

photoreceptors (rods and cones)

67
Q

inner aspect of the neuroblastic layer develops into the

A

bipolar and horizontal cells

68
Q

some cells migrate from neuroblastic layers

A

from outer neuroblastic to inner neuroblastic

69
Q

fibrous layer becomes the

A

nerve fiber layer

70
Q

optic nerve forms in the

A

optic stalk

71
Q

axons from the ganglion cells grow into the

A

optic stalk (starts 6th week and reach the brain by the 7th week)

72
Q

inner cells in the optic stalk are:

A

mesoderm

73
Q

outer cells in optic stalk are

A

glial cells that myelinated fibers

74
Q

connective tissue sheath becomes the dura by week

A

7

Ocular Anatomy (20 decks)

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