Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ocular Anatomy > Lecture 1/12 > Flashcards

Lecture 1/12 Flashcards

1
Q

2 main veins involved in the eye

A
  • superior ophthalmic vein

- inferior ophthalmic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which is the larger of the 2 orbital veins?

A

superior ophthalmic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

route of the superior ophthalmic vein

A

starts with an anastomosis on face, then flows posteriorly out of orbit through superior orbital fissure, then enters into cavernous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

contributors to the superior ophthalmic vein

A
  • anterior and posterior ethmoidal
  • lacrimal
  • muscular branches (SR, SO, levator, MR)
  • vortex veins
  • central retinal vein (CRV)
  • anterior ciliary veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do the vortex veins drain?

A

the choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is the central retinal vein found and what is the variation in the SOV?

A

found on the lateral site and exits through optic nerve head
-it may or may not join the SOV to the cavernous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

drainage of the anterior ciliary veins

A

drain the ciliary body

-receive branches and blood from the conjunctiva and the episcleral venous plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

route of the inferior ophthalmic vein

A

begins with anastomosis on face near the inferior margin of the orbit, then passes posteriorly on the floor of the orbit and goes to the cavernous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

inferior ophthalmic vein receives from:

A
  • muscular branches (IR, IO, LR)

- vortex veins (lateral, medial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the unique small branch from the inferior ophthalmic vein?

A

small branch that goes down from inferior orbital fissure to pterygoid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

direction of flow posteriorly from SOV

A

SOV -> cavernous sinus -> jugular foramen -> internal jugular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

direction of flow posteriorly from IOV

A

IOV -> cavernous sinus -> jugular foramen -> internal jugular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

direction of flow inferiorly from IOV

A

IOV -> pterygoid plexus -> external jugular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the shape of the lens?

A

biconvex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which is flatter: the anterior or posterior surface of the lens?

A

the anterior surface is flatter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

radius of curvature of the anterior surface of the lens

A

10 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

radius of curvature of the posterior surface of the lens

A

6 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the area of the largest diameter of the lens called?

A

the lenticular equator

along the edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the lenticular axis

A

the theoretical line from anterior pole to posterior pole through the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the lens diameter of an unaccommodated lens viewing distant object

A

9-10 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

unaccommodated lens thickness is:

A

4-5 mm

22
Q

describe the placement of the lens in the eye

A

suspended posterior to the iris from the circular ciliary body and in the center of it

23
Q

what is the space between the lens and the ciliary body called?

A

circumlental space (0.5 mm)

24
Q

2 spaces of the lens

A
  • between lens and ciliary body

- behind the lens and vitreous

25
Q

describe the attachment at the capillary space of Berger

A

firm attachment in a circle around this potential space
-diameter is 8-9 mm
(on the posterior side of the lens)

26
Q

how is the lens attached to the ciliary body?

A

at zonules

27
Q

composition of the lens

A

66% water

33% protein (water soluble and water insoluble)

28
Q

list the 3 parts of the lens

A
  1. capsule
  2. anterior epithelium
  3. lens substance
29
Q

where is the thinnest part of the lens capsule?

A

at the posterior pole

the anterior pole is about 4x as thick

30
Q

where are the thickest parts of the lens?

A

circular zones (one anterior, one posterior)

31
Q

what is the diameter difference between the circular zone on the anterior and posterior sides of the lens?

A

anterior: 3 mm in diameter
posterior: 4 mm in diameter

32
Q

what are the two lens capsule zones on a cross section?

A
  • outer zonular

- inner cuticular

33
Q

what is the origin of the lens capsule?

A

formed during embryonic development (not added to in life after birth)

34
Q

outer zonular section of the lens capsule is where:

A

zonules attach, made of dense fibers

35
Q

describe the inner cuticular zone of the lens capsule:

A

(capsule proper)

about 30-40 lamellae

36
Q

describe lens elasticity and age changes

A

capsule has low amounts of lens tissue (it is mostly collagen) the lens assumes spherical shape on its own but as a person ages, the lens loses elasticity and is less likely to assume that spherical shape

37
Q

what is unique about the cell types in anterior epithelium of the lens?

A

describe as cuboidal epithelium, but not cuboidal throughout the whole length (cuboidal at the pole)

38
Q

what is the “lenticular shagreen”

A

the dimpled appearance of the anterior surface of the lens (obvious with slit lamp)

39
Q

what are the 3 regions of the anterior epithelium?

A
  1. central zone
  2. intermediate zone
  3. equatorial zone
40
Q

describe the central zone of the lens anterior epithelium

A
  • cells look flattened

- low metabolic activity

41
Q

describe the intermediate zone of the lens anterior epithelium

A
  • cells are square (cuboidal)

- metabolism picking up

42
Q

describe the equatorial zone of the lens anterior epithelium

A
  • cells elongate
  • high metabolism
  • area of mitosis (forming new lenticular fibers throughout life)
43
Q

lens thickness changes with age

A

lens tends to thicken as you age

causes more pressure against the iris, leading to aqueous flow problems

44
Q

what is the lens substance made up of

A

lenticular fibers

45
Q

describe fibrillar projections

A

anterior to posterior, form new lenticular ones and earlier ones get pushed towards center and lose nuclei

46
Q

how many sides does a lenticular cell have and what lines them up?

A

6 sided cell with interdigitations to keep the cells lines up but to allow some movement

47
Q

what are the 2 main lens zones ?

A
  • inner zone (nucleus)- older cells

- outer zone (cortex) -newer cells

48
Q

what lens gradient changes occur with age?

A

the cortex to nucleus gradient is smoother in a younger lens

49
Q

development of the lens at 1-2 months

A

embryonic nucleus: round structure right in the center of the nucleus

50
Q

development of lens at 3-8 months:

A

fetal nucleus- forms around the other

51
Q

development of the lens at birth and on

A

adult nucleus- always adding throughout life

52
Q

what are lens sutures?

A

all fibers that meet in close proximity along these sutures (at the poles) instead of all meeting in one spot

Ocular Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions