Lecture 10: 12/15 Flashcards

1
Q

describe how the retina transduces light

A

it turns light into a neurochemical signal for sight

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2
Q

embryology of the retina: it is derived from the:

A

forebrain, derived from neural ectoderm

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3
Q

describe the 2 aspects to the retina

A
  • neural: transduction of the light energy to biochemical signal, processing, and transmission to visual cortex
  • non-neural: involved in maintenance, support, nutrition
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4
Q

the retina is ___ layers thick

A

10

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5
Q

light has to go through ___ layers in the retina before it gets to the layer where transduction takes place

A

8

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6
Q

thickness of the retina is ____ mm

A

0.37 mm

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7
Q

layer 1 (most exterior) of the retina

A

retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

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8
Q

layer 2 of the retina

A

receptive segments (rods and cones)

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9
Q

layer 3 of the retina

A

external limiting membrane (ELM)

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10
Q

layer 4 of the retina

A

outer nuclear layer (ONL), cell body layer

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11
Q

layer 5 of the retina

A

outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer synaptic layer

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12
Q

layer 6 of the retina

A

inner nuclear layer (INL), bipolar cell layer

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13
Q

layer 7 of the retina

A

inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner synaptic layer

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14
Q

layer 8 of the retina

A

ganglion cell layer

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15
Q

layer 9 of the retina

A

nerve fiber layer (NFL)

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16
Q

layer 10 of the retina

A

internal limiting membrane (ILM)

17
Q

neurologists classify layers 1-5 of the retina as the

A

receptor layer

18
Q

neurologists classify layers 5-7 of the retina as the

A

primary neuron of the retina

19
Q

neurologists classify the layers 7-10 of the retina as the

A

secondary neuron of the retina

20
Q

location of the RPE is next to the

21
Q

cell type in the RPE

A

wide cells and not very tall

22
Q

the RPE is attached to ______ membrane

23
Q

functions of the RPE are

A
  • an irregular surface for ends of receptive segments
  • dark to decrease scatter
  • storehouse for vitamin A
24
Q

phagocytic role of the RPE is

A

recycles photopigments by ingesting

25
pigment in the RPE is from
melanin and lipofuscin (which is thought to be a byproduct of metabolism of the photoreceptors)
26
nucleus of the RPE cells is on which end of the cell
the basal end
27
pigment of the RPE cells is on which end of the cell
the apex
28
cytoplasmic extensions in the RPE are at what end of the cell
the apical end
29
adjacent lateral cell walls at the basal end of the cells are joined by:
zonula occludens
30
describe the role of the zonula occludens in the RPE cells
they are tight junctions practically bridging the intercellular space in a circle around each cell, and theycollectively form a net with the cells ticking through the mesh
31
the zone occludens and desmosomes at the basal end of the RPE cells forms a membrane called the
membrane of Verhoff
32
role of the membrane of Verhoff in the RPE
acts as a major barrier to the movement of ions and chemical substances from the choroid to the outer retina, contributing to the so called blood-retina barrier
33
a retinal detachment is actually a split between the ___ and _____
RPE and the rod and cone layer
34
what is a weak attachment that can lead to retinal detachments
the RPE is firmly attached to Bruch's membrane of the choroid, but the attachment of the rods and cones to the RPE is weak