Lecture 7: Respiration Flashcards
Internal respiration is gas exchange at the tissues while external respiration is what?
A) To transport oxygen to mitochondria
B) To exchange gases at the respiratory surface
C) To circulate blood throughout the body
D) To produce carbon dioxide as a waste product
b)
Which process primarily facilitates gas exchange in unicellular organisms?
A) Circulation
B) Bulk flow
C) Diffusion
D) Ventilation
c)
Which of the following best describes internal respiration?
A) Gas exchange at the lungs
B) Transport of gases in the circulatory system
C) Gas exchange at the tissue level
D) Movement of air into and out of the lungs
C)
What is bulk flow in the context of respiration?
A) The passive movement of gases across a membrane
B) The forced molecular movement of gases through a medium
C) The exchange of gases at the cellular level
D) The transport of nutrients in the bloodstream
B)
During gas exchange, which of the following occurs in the mitochondria?
A) Oxygen is absorbed from the environment.
B) Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of metabolism.
C) Gases diffuse into the bloodstream.
D) Ventilation occurs to remove stale air.
b)
What would likely happen to a small aquatic organism if the water temperature increases significantly?
A) Gas exchange would improve due to increased diffusion rates.
B) Oxygen solubility in water would decrease, making gas exchange more difficult.
C) The organism would rely more on bulk flow for gas exchange.
D) The organism would begin to use ventilation more effectively.
b)
Which of the following statements correctly describes the two forms of bulk flow involved in respiration?
A) Ventilation is the transport of gases through the circulatory system, while circulation is the movement of air or water over respiratory surfaces.
B) Ventilation refers to the movement of air or water over respiratory surfaces, and circulation is the transport of gases in the circulatory system.
C) Both ventilation and circulation involve passive diffusion of gases.
D) Ventilation only occurs in aquatic organisms, while circulation occurs in terrestrial organisms.
B)
What is the main reason why climbers at high altitudes, such as Mount Everest, often use supplementary oxygen?
A) The atmospheric pressure remains constant, but the percentage of oxygen in the air increases.
B) The total atmospheric pressure decreases, leading to a lower partial pressure of oxygen, even though the percentage remains the same.
C) The climbers’ bodies produce less carbon dioxide at high altitudes, reducing the need for oxygen.
D) The climbers have adapted to utilize nitrogen more efficiently at high altitudes.
b)
If the total atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere, given that oxygen constitutes 21% of the air?
A) 120 mmHg
B) 140 mmHg
C) 160 mmHg
D) 180 mmHg
c)
If the total atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of nitrogen in the atmosphere, given that Nitrogen constitutes 78% of the air?
A) 452 mmHg
B) 593 mmHg
C) 160 mmHg
D) 0.2 mmHg
b)
What is the primary purpose of respiration in relation to partial pressure within capillaries?
A) To increase the volume of air in the lungs
B) To ensure there is sufficient partial pressure of oxygen in the capillaries to drive diffusion into the mitochondria
C) To remove carbon dioxide from the body
D) To equalize the pressure of gases in the lungs and the atmosphere
b)
Which of the following statements correctly describes the factors affecting gas solubility in a solution?
A) Gases dissolve better in warm water compared to cold water, making it easier for fish in warm environments to obtain oxygen.
B) Increased salinity in water enhances the solubility of gases, allowing aquatic organisms to extract more oxygen.
C) The solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature and salinity, making it more challenging for aquatic organisms to obtain oxygen in warmer and saltier environments.
D) Gas solubility is independent of temperature and salinity, meaning it remains constant regardless of environmental conditions.
c)
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between volume and pressure in the context of Boyle’s Law as it applies to mammalian respiration?
A) Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation results in an increase in pressure.
B) Decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity during exhalation results in a decrease in pressure.
C) Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation results in a decrease in pressure, allowing air to flow into the lungs.
D) There is no relationship between volume and pressure during respiration.
c)
According to Fick’s Equation, which factor is NOT involved in determining the rate of diffusion (Q) across a membrane?
A) Diffusion coefficient (D)
B) Cross-sectional area (A)
C) Volume of gas present (V)
D) Partial pressure difference (P1-P2)
c) Volume of gas present - (V)
What is a key adaptation that animals have evolved to maximize gas exchange according to the principles discussed?
A) Decreasing surface area to reduce the risk of dehydration.
B) Thickening respiratory surfaces to prevent gas loss.
C) Increasing surface area of respiratory organs to enhance diffusion rates.
D) Using passive ventilation to save metabolic energy.
c)
