Lecture 7- Prokaryotic Cell Structure And Function Flashcards
What is the smallest type of bacteria and it’s size range?
Mycoplasma 0.1-1 μm
What does prokaryote mean?
Before nucleus
List the shapes of bacteria and it’s scientific name
Bacilli- rod shaped Cocci- spherical shaped Spirilla- spiral shaped
Which shape of bacteria is the least common?
Spirilla
What are Methanogens?
Archaea that live In anaerobic flooded areas
What are halophiles?
Archaea that live in salty lakes
What are thermoacidophiles?
Archaea that live in sulfur springs
Which prokaryotes are photosynthetic?
Cyanobacteria
What do you call the region of DNA in a prokaryote?
Nucleoid
Which cell structure performs many of the functions that organelles usually found in Eukaryotes have; such as (ER, GOLGI)
Plasma membranes
How do prokaryotes multiply?
Binary fission
What are the three parts of the flagellum?
Basal body “engine”- generates the power for movement Hook- attached to basal body Long filament
Which part of the flagellum can be cut resulting in demobilization, yet allowing the bacteria to live?
Hook
What is the flagella type of Escherichia coli?
Peritrichous
List the four flagella types
Monotrichous Lophotrichous Amphitrichous Peritrichous
What is the pillus used for and what is it made out of?
It is made out of protein and is used for conjegation (sexual process)
pili may also refer to fimbria
What is peptidoglycan made out of?
Amino disaccharides and peptide fragments
What is the glycocalyx made out of?
Polysaccharides
What is fimbria and it’s function?
Hair like structures- aid in adhesion to surfaces
What is an inclusion body?
A vesicle or vacuole used for storing nutrients
What are endospores?
Dehydrated, heat resistant resting cells
- Formed intracellularly(inside the cell)
- Spores contain complete Nucleic acid material, ribosomes. And energy generating components that are enclosed within a modified cytoplasmic membrane
- spores sorrounded by a hard cortex that contains an unusual form of peptidoglycan
Describe the process of endospores formation until maturation
- chromosomes duplicate
- assymetric septation (small daughter cell arises)
- Endocytosis
- synthesis of unique peptidoglycan containing cortex
- assembly of proteinaceous spore coat
- lysis of mother cell
Is now (heat,chemical,desiccation(drying),radiation,pressure) resistant
What are the differences between prokaryotic and Eukaryotic ribosomes?
- Size (prokaryote smaller)
- protein and RNA content
- all are free in prokaryotes (no bound)
What is found in the nucleoid of prokaryotes?
circular DNA complexed with Mg2+ and low molecular amines instead of Histone proteins
(one chromosome only in total)
What is the function of the glycocalyx?
- If slimy/ gel texture = Glycocalyx if thick organized= capsule
- give resistance to phagocytosis
- Also help in adhesion
What is the difference between Archaea and bacteria?
they are similar to each other structurally but different functionally
do not have peptidoglycan in cell walls
biochemical reactions similar to eukaryotes
What is the typical size range of Eukaryotic cells?
What is the typical size range of prokaryotic cells?
1-10 μm
What is the typical ratio of protiens: phospholipids in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes?
3:1
What is the mesosome and its function?
folding areas of the plasma membrane where it enters the cell, in order to increase Surface area for metabolism
cell membrane performs many functions in prokaryote!
