Lecture 7- Prokaryotic Cell Structure And Function

Question 1

What is the smallest type of bacteria and it’s size range?

Answer 1

Mycoplasma 0.1-1 μm

Question 2

What does prokaryote mean?

Answer 2

Before nucleus

Question 3

List the shapes of bacteria and it’s scientific name

Answer 3

Bacilli- rod shaped Cocci- spherical shaped Spirilla- spiral shaped

Question 4

Which shape of bacteria is the least common?

Answer 4

Spirilla

Question 5

What are Methanogens?

Answer 5

Archaea that live In anaerobic flooded areas

Question 6

What are halophiles?

Answer 6

Archaea that live in salty lakes

Question 7

What are thermoacidophiles?

Answer 7

Archaea that live in sulfur springs

Question 8

Which prokaryotes are photosynthetic?

Answer 8

Cyanobacteria

Question 9

What do you call the region of DNA in a prokaryote?

Answer 9

Nucleoid

Question 10

Which cell structure performs many of the functions that organelles usually found in Eukaryotes have; such as (ER, GOLGI)

Answer 10

Plasma membranes

Question 11

How do prokaryotes multiply?

Answer 11

Binary fission

Question 12

What are the three parts of the flagellum?

Answer 12

Basal body “engine”- generates the power for movement Hook- attached to basal body Long filament

Question 13

Which part of the flagellum can be cut resulting in demobilization, yet allowing the bacteria to live?

Answer 13

Hook

Question 14

What is the flagella type of Escherichia coli?

Answer 14

Peritrichous

Question 15

List the four flagella types

Answer 15

Monotrichous Lophotrichous Amphitrichous Peritrichous

Question 16

What is the pillus used for and what is it made out of?

Answer 16

It is made out of protein and is used for conjegation (sexual process)

pili may also refer to fimbria

Question 17

What is peptidoglycan made out of?

Answer 17

Amino disaccharides and peptide fragments

Question 18

What is the glycocalyx made out of?

Answer 18

Polysaccharides

Question 19

What is fimbria and it’s function?

Answer 19

Hair like structures- aid in adhesion to surfaces

Question 20

What is an inclusion body?

Answer 20

A vesicle or vacuole used for storing nutrients

Question 21

What are endospores?

Answer 21

Dehydrated, heat resistant resting cells

• Formed intracellularly(inside the cell)
• Spores contain complete Nucleic acid material, ribosomes. And energy generating components that are enclosed within a modified cytoplasmic membrane
• spores sorrounded by a hard cortex that contains an unusual form of peptidoglycan

Question 22

Describe the process of endospores formation until maturation

Answer 22

• chromosomes duplicate
• assymetric septation (small daughter cell arises)
• Endocytosis
• synthesis of unique peptidoglycan containing cortex
• assembly of proteinaceous spore coat
• lysis of mother cell

Is now (heat,chemical,desiccation(drying),radiation,pressure) resistant

Question 23

What are the differences between prokaryotic and Eukaryotic ribosomes?

Answer 23

• Size (prokaryote smaller)
• protein and RNA content
• all are free in prokaryotes (no bound)

Question 24

What is found in the nucleoid of prokaryotes?

Answer 24

circular DNA complexed with Mg2+ and low molecular amines instead of Histone proteins

(one chromosome only in total)

Question 25

What is the function of the glycocalyx?

Answer 25

• If slimy/ gel texture = Glycocalyx if thick organized= capsule
• give resistance to phagocytosis
• Also help in adhesion

Question 26

What is the difference between Archaea and bacteria?

Answer 26

they are similar to each other structurally but different functionally

do not have peptidoglycan in cell walls

biochemical reactions similar to eukaryotes

Question 27

What is the typical size range of Eukaryotic cells?

Question 28

What is the typical size range of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 28

1-10 μm

Question 29

What is the typical ratio of protiens: phospholipids in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes?

Answer 29

3:1

Question 30

What is the mesosome and its function?

Answer 30

folding areas of the plasma membrane where it enters the cell, in order to increase Surface area for metabolism

cell membrane performs many functions in prokaryote!