Lecture 31 Male Reproductive Sytem

Question 1

What are gonads?

Answer 1

The reproductive organs that produce gametes Testes for males Ovary for females

Question 2

At what age does sexual maturity usually occur in m’s and f’s

Answer 2

M- 12 to 16 F- 10 to 14

Question 3

Briefly state the function of the Testes

Answer 3

The Primary sex organ that produces sperm and sex harmones

Question 4

Briefly state the function of the Epididymis

Answer 4

The sites of maturation, where spermatozoa gain the ability to swim, and some are stored

Question 5

Briefly state the function of the Vas Deferens

Answer 5

Conduct and store sperm

Question 6

Briefly state the function of the Urethra

Answer 6

Conducts sperm and urine

Question 7

Briefly state the function of the Penis

Answer 7

Organ of copopulation

Question 8

The testes are suspended in the x, in order to y

Answer 8

The testes are suspended in the scrotum in order to regulate the testicular temperature

Question 9

Where does the testes develop, and when does it descend into the scrotal sac?

Answer 9

It develops inside the abdominal cavity, and descends into the Scrotal sac during the last 2 months of fetal development.

Question 10

What does an undescendant testes lead to?

Answer 10

Sterility

Question 11

Testes consists of lonules containing x tubules

Answer 11

Seminiferous tubules -enclosed by Basal Lamina - contains Sertoli cells, that possess FSH receptors; support, nourish and regulate spermatogenic cells. -sperms cells are created here, from spermatogonia to immature spermatozoa

Question 12

What are interstitial tissue?

Answer 12

Cells that are the located in the spaces between the tubules. Leydig cells- poses LH receptors that stimulate Testosterone production. ؟Myoid cells?- sorround Basal Lamina- smooth muscle cells that allow lumen to contract to move the immobile spermatozoon to the epididymis.

Question 13

Describe the process of Spermatogenesis

Answer 13

(1)Spermatogonium(2n)- germinal cells divide by mitosis—> (2) primary spermatocyte (2n) divide by mitosis to produce MORE primary spermatocytes OR divide by meiosis I to produce (3) secondary spermatocytes (n) which divide by meiosis II to give (4) early spermatids which differentiate to (5) late spermatids which differentiate to (6) Spermatozoon

Question 14

When does spermatogenesis start? And how long does it take to complete?

Answer 14

Around the age of 13 years Approx 74 days to complete

Question 15

How many speeds are produced every day approx?

Answer 15

120 million sperms (60-150 million)/day

Question 16

What is Spermiogenesis?

Answer 16

Early spermatids till the production of spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules. Mediated by Sertoli cells that phagocytize the excess cytoplasm to give spermatozoa,

Question 17

What are the 3 parts of sperm?

Answer 17

Head- contains large nucleus and acrosome (special type fo lysosome used to penetrate egg) Middle piece- contains spiral shaped mitochondria to give sperm energy to move Tail- made out of microtubules as component of flagellum. Allows sperm to swim to egg.

Question 18

In what way do the sperms become more resistant when they enter the epididymis?

Answer 18

-More resistant to PH (it is more acidic while spermatozoa are optimal at alkaline PH) -more resistant to Temp (it is warmer than testes)

Question 19

Are most sperms stored in the epididymis or van deferens?

Answer 19

Vas deferens

Question 20

Testicular cancer is common x

Answer 20

In old age (over 50)

Question 21

What is the percentage of semen is sperm and glandular secretion?

Answer 21

5% sperm 95% glandular secretions

Question 22

Descrine the seminal vesicles and it’s function

Answer 22

60% of semen Thick viscous fluid that contains fructose (for energy) Prostaglandins- stimulate smooth muscles to contract along the m and f reproductive systems

Question 23

Descrine the Prostate gland and it’s function

Answer 23

30% of semen Secretes alkaline that increases the motility of sperm (optimal PH)

Question 24

What is the 2nd most common cancer for males and what is the condition that leads to it?

Answer 24

Prostate cancer Prostate hypertrophy, which results In the Urethra being squeezed- leading to a difficulty in urination

Question 25

What is the male organ for sexual intercourse and what is the layer it is covered by called?

Answer 25

Penis Foreskin is the covering, it gets removed during male circumcision

Question 26

What is the benefit of male circumcision?

Answer 26

It decreases the chwnce of acquiring STD’s, such as AIDS by 25-35%

Question 27

The penis has x columns of y tissue with extensive z extending through the shaft

Answer 27

3 columns of spongy erectile tissue Extensive blood spacing

Question 28

The 3 columns of spongy erectile tissue consist of 2 x and 1 y

Answer 28

2 corpora cavernosa 1 corpus sporangiosum

Question 29

What is impotency?

Answer 29

An inability for the penis to become erect Caused by a # of factors such as poor blood flow, some medications and illnesses

Question 30

Describe the 2 phases of ejaculation

Answer 30

1.Emission Nerve impulses from the spine trigger -the muscular wall of the epididymis and vas deferens to empty the sperm -the reproductive glands to release secretion 2. Expulsion- Gland secretions (prostaglandins of seminal vesicles) stimulate rhythmic contractions of the muscles at the base of the penis abs within the Urethral Wall to expel semen in spurts During ejaculation, the urinary bladder sphincter closes so no semen can enter it

Question 31

Ejaculation results in the expulsion of (x-y) ml of semen that contains ≈ z million sperms`

Answer 31

2-5bml of semen that contains ≈ 300 mil sperms`

Question 32

How long can a sperm survive in the female genital tract?

Answer 32

1-3 days

Question 33

How many sperm reach the egg and how many penetrate?

Answer 33

100-200 reach the egg Only 1 penetrates the egg

Question 34

Draw the HPT axis

Answer 34

Question 35

List the functions of Testesterone

Answer 35

• the main sex harmone in males
• imp for development & function of male reproductive glands and organs
• essential for the maturation of sperm

essential for the development of male 2ndary characteristics

• Oil and sweat glands secretion–> acne and body odor
• enlargement of larynx and vocal chords –> deepening of voice
• triggers baldness ( if specific genes are present)
• • muscle strength
• • height, length of legs, and broad shoulders
• sex drive and aggressiveness