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FN 2241 > Lecture 7 - Part II > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the physical activity recommendations for 5-11yrs?

A

Minimum 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day

Parents should set a good example, encourage physical activity and limit media and computer use

Minimum 3 days/wk

  • vigorous-intensity activities
  • muscle and bone strengthening activities
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2
Q

What are the sedentary behaviour guidelines for ages 5-11 and 12-17?

A

5-11 and 12-17 should minimize the time they spend being sedentary each day
-does not include academic screen time

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3
Q

How should children and youth avoid sedentary time?

A

Limited recreational screen time to no more than 2hrs/day
-lower levels are associated with additional health benefits

Limit sedentary motorized transport, extended sitting and time spent indoors throughout the day

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4
Q

What are the determinants of physical activity?

A

Girls are less active than boys
Physical activity decreases with age
Season and climate impact level of physical activity
Physical education classes are decreasing

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5
Q

Why are organized sports good?

A

Participation linked to lower incidence of overweight

Variety produces the best well rounded child because it’s the physical activity piece and the social piece of being in a team

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6
Q

What does the AAP recommend in terms of organized ports?

A

Participation in a variety of activities
-recommends against intensive physical activity

Organized sports should not take the place of regular physical activity

Emphasis should be on having fun and on family participation rather rather than being competitive

Warns against intensive, specialized training for children

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7
Q

When doing a nutrition assessment on children what do we look for for anthropometric data?

A

Fat fold measurements
Wt and ht measures
-measure at birth, 2,4,6,9,12,18,24months then yearly after

Compare against growth charts to monitor growth pattern over time

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8
Q

what does a less than 3rd%tile indicate?

A

Stunting or shortnesss

-can result from long-term malnutrition

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9
Q

When do we start using BMI for age for children?

A

Recommended for screening over 2yrs

-try and indicate wasting overweight and obesity

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10
Q

How do we interpret BMI for age for ages 5-19?

A

Less than 3rd%tile: underweight or wasting due to recent malnutrition, dehydration and genetic disorder

Greater than 85%tile: overweight

Greater than 97th%tile: Obesity

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11
Q

For children, when doing an anthropometric analysis what should we keep an eye out for?

A

Protein energy malnutrition

-malnutrition due to inadequate protein or calorie or intake

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12
Q

What are the 2 forms of PEM?

A

Stunted growth
-ht for age <3rd%tile
Severely stunted growth
–ht for age <0.1st%tile

Wasted
-BMI for age <3rd%tile
Severely wasted
-BMI for age <0.1st%tile

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13
Q

What is IBW?

A

A weight thought to be maximally healthy for a person

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14
Q

What sit IBW based on?

A

Mostly ht but modified by such factors as gender, degree of muscular development and age

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15
Q

What is wt statistically associated with?

A

Is associated with the lowest mortality and max life expectancy for an individual

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16
Q

What are the 2 main indicators of malnutrition?

A

Abnormal appearance end behaviour

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17
Q

What does abnormal appearance look like?

A

Dry, cracked skin
Dry, dull brittle hair
Decayed discoloured teeth
Gums bleeding easily

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18
Q

What does abnormal behaviour look like?

A 
Fatigue
Weakness
Apathy
decrease concentration
Confusion
Depression
Mood swings
Irritability
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19
Q

What does a dietary assessment look like for children?

A

Diet history

  • Energy intake
  • protein intake
  • Fe and Ca intake
  • Pattern of meals/snacks
  • Eating habits
  • Intake of supplements
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20
Q

What are the top nutrition related concerns in childhood?

A 
Obesity
Hunger/Malnutrition
Fe deficiency
Intollerances/Allergies
Hyperactive disorder
Caffeine
Dental Carries
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21
Q

How many children in Canada are king in low income families?

A

11% as of 2006

22
Q

What is the poverty cycle for children?

A

Poverty
Chronic hunger
Malnutrition
Increased risk of poor early childhood development
-restricts brain development
-decrease language development
-poor physical and mental health throughout life

23
Q

What does malnutrition lead to?

A

Impaired physical and mental development

  • poor health
  • hyperactivity
  • delayed vocal development
24
Q

How often for a child up to 10yrs need to eat?

A

Minimum every 4-6 hours to maintain sufficient blood glucose to support the activity of the brain and nervous system

25
Q

How much glycogen can a Childs liver store?

A

4hrs

26
Q

Why are breakfast programs good?

A

Increase performance

Decrease absenteeism

27
Q

What are the ways for kids to get nutrition at school?

A

School breakfast
Cafeteria
Vending machines

28
Q

Is Fe deficiency common in children?

A

Less common in children than in toddlers

29
Q

What are the dietary recommendations to prevent Fe deficiency in children?

A

Consume Meat, fish, poultry and fortified cereals

Vitamin C rich foods to help absorption

30
Q

How does Fe deficiency affect children behaviour?

A

Decrease:

  • Energy level
  • Attention span
  • Learning ability
  • Motivation
  • Intellectual performance
  • Resistance to infection
31
Q

What does Fe do in the body?

A

Carries O2 which is used to produce energy

Used to make neurotransmitters
-especially those regulating attention

32
Q

Many nutrient deficiencies can lead to behavioural symptoms. Can lead to the child being…?

A 
Irritable
-Deficiency in Zn, Mg,Niacin thiamin B6
Aggressive
Disagreeable
Sad
Withdrawn
33
Q

What can a nutritional deficiency be mistaken as?

A

Hyperactive
Unlikeable
Depressed
-deficiency in Vit C, riboflavin, Niacin, B6 or folate

34
Q

What is a food intolerance?

A

Is a chemical reaction

Does NOT involve the immune system and does not cause severe allergic reactions

35
Q

What are the symptoms of a food intolerance?

A 
Diarrhea
Stomach bloating
Gas
Abdominal pain/cramps
Vomiting
36
Q

What re the predictors/risk factors for food intolerances?

A 
Chemicals
Sulfur/Sulfite
Digestive disorders
Enzyme deficiencies
Psychological aversions
37
Q

What are food allergies (food hypersensitivity reactions)?

A

Caused by an immune system over-reaction to a certain food

  • antibody production
  • whole protein or molecule enters body
  • causes immunologic response
38
Q

What kind of reactions do we see in food allergies?

A

Immediate
delayed
USually sudden

39
Q

How do you diagnose a food allergy?

A

Testing for antibodies using skin pricks

40
Q

How do you treat food allergies?

A

Identification and elimination of problem food

41
Q

What are the most common allergies?

A 
Nuts
Milk
Eggs
Fish
Shellfish
Soy
Wheat
42
Q

When are allergies common?

A

Most common in first few years of life

-frequently outgrown

43
Q

What can hyper behaviour be related too?

A

Poor diet or allergies/intolerances may be part of the problem

ADHD

44
Q

What can excessive activity may lead to?

A

Behaviour problems: impulsiveness, restlessness

Learning Problems: Short attention span

45
Q

What is the treatment for hyperactive disorder?

A 
Parent and child education
Behaviour management techniques
Special education techniques
Physch counselling 
Medication
Health diet to support normal growth
46
Q

Does restricting sugar help with hyperactivity disorder?

A

No proof that restricting sugar prevents/treats behaviour problems

47
Q

How does caffeine affect child behaviour?

A

Symptoms:

  • Inattention
  • Restlessness
  • Sleeplessness
  • Irregular heartbeat
48
Q

What is the caffeine limit for children?

A

7-9: 62.5mg/d

10-12: 85mg/d

49
Q

When are dental carries common?

A

6-9

50
Q

How can you reduce dental carries?

A

By limiting sugary snacks and providing fluoride

Rinse after eating

FN 2241 (12 decks)

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