Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is fecundity ?
Biological ability to bear children
-able to do it
What is fertility?
Actual production of children
-you are doing it, you are fertile
What is infecundity?
Biological inability o bear children after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
What is infertility?
Involuntary absence of production of children
-no timeline
What is sub fertility?
Decreased level of fertility
- > 12 months to conception or repeated early losses
- applies to people who have had multiple miscarriages
what us a miscarriage?
Spontaneous abortion
-up to 20 wks, anything after is a still birth
How many couples experience infecundity in canid?
1 in 6 fail to conceive within 1 year of attempting pregnancy
-doubled since 80’s
Do couples who can conceive in one year use fertility treatments?
44% of couples who qualify as infertility will go on to conceive without fertility treatment
healthy couples have 20-25% chance go pregnancy within given menstrual cycle
What are the reasons for infertility?
Males and females separately but if there is a couple and both have problems then there is an issue
What is the fertility rate equation?
#births/per 1000 females of childbearing age -age 15-44
What is the trend in fertility rates over the years in canada?
High when the men came back from the war (Boomers) and slowly decreasing since then
Why are we seeing fewer children and older moms?
- Women going to school
- Divorce in previous generation makes current generation more cautious
- Desire to be financially stable before having a child
What are the symptoms of miscarriage?
- Vaginal bleeding
- Passing clots and tissue
- Abdominal pain
- Pregnancy symptoms disappear
Who do you go to if you have a miscarriage before and after 20wks?
Before: Emergency room
After: OBGYN
What can arise as a side affect of a miscarriage?
Infertility
Emotional and physical strain
If you have a miscarriage when should you wait to become pregnant?
3-6 months to become pregnant again
-because you lost a lot of blood and Fe stores
What are some of the causes of miscarriages?
- Severe defect in fetus (most frequent, eggs or sperm of low quality)
- Maternal infection (UTI, influenza)
- Structural abnormality of uterus (tilted)
- Endocrine or immunological disturbances (progesterone surge doesn’t happen/Thyroid too high/low)
- Other unknown random events (dehydration/flying)
What is a stilbrith?
Death before complete expulsion from the mother >20 weeks gestation
- fetus doesn’t breath or have a heartbeat
- baby passes away inside of mom or during birth
What do we tell women to limit to decrease their chances of miscarriage?
Bath
Activities that raise the core temperature
What is an abortion?
Termination of pregnancy <500g or <20weeks pregnancy
What is the abortion rate equation?
abortion/1000females of childbearing age
What is the reproduction physiology at birth for male and female?
Female: Immature ova (primordial follicle) eggs produced and stored in ovaries
Male: Sperm producing capabilities but not actually starts until puberty
What happens at puberty interns of reproduction physiology?
Capacity of reproduction established
-hormonal changes lead to maturation of reproductive system
What is the purpose of the menstrual cycle?
Prepare ovum for fertilization
Uterus for implantation