Lecture 7 - Hypertension

Question 1

Diastolic hypertension is typically found in _____ (younger or older?) patients and is usually an issue with blood _____, so treated with ______. Systolic hypertension is typically found in _____ (younger or older?) patients and is usually an issue with increased TPR, so it’s treated with peripheral ______.

Answer 1

Younger

Volume

Diuretics

Vasodilators

Question 2

Hypertension can be either Primary or Secondary. Which one has an underlying cause that can be treated?

Answer 2

Secondary

Question 3

One of the reasons African Americans are at higher risk for HTN is that they are more sensitive to _____ in their diets.

Answer 3

Salt

Question 4

_________ disease is among the common causes for Secondary hypertension. The process involves decreased renal perfusion which causes the kidneys to respond by secreting _____. _______ dysplasia is a common cause in women under 50, and Atherosclerosis is the most common cause among all patients. Look for resistance to multiple HTN drugs, renal _____, and Renal insufficiency.

Answer 4

Renovascular disease

Renin

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Bruit

Question 5

Primary Hyperaldosteronism patients typically present with muscle cramping and palpitations due to low plasma _____ (which ion?). Look for edema as well from Na+ retention.

Answer 5

K+

Question 6

Patients with Pheochromocytomas will present with _______ (continuous or paroxysmal?) symptoms. Looks for vanillyl-mandelic acid or ______ in urine/blood. First treat these patients with _____ blockers followed by ______ blockers and then surgical excision of the cytoma.

Answer 6

Paroxysmal

Metanephrines

Alpha

Beta