Lecture 10 - Blood Vessel Diseases

Question 1

Berry aneurism most commonly occurs at the ____ of ____.

Answer 1

Circle of Willis

Question 2

Aneurysms can be Saccular, where they bulge out to one side, or ______, where they taper at both ends.

Answer 2

Fusiform

Question 3

A false aneurysm is ____ (more or less?) likely to rupture, as it is contained only by the adventitia.

Answer 3

More likely

Question 4

Most abdominal aortic aneurysms occur below the _____ arteries.

Answer 4

Renal

Question 5

______ _____ Degeneration is a risk factor for aortic aneuryms, common among Marfan’s syndrome patients, that disrupts the eastin in the medial layer of the vessel.

Answer 5

Cystic Medial Degeneration

Question 6

A vessel dissection can occur with or without an aneurysm, and it involves the formation of a channel in the tunica _____ of the vessel. WITHOUT aneurym, they typically form near the _____ aorta, near the valve, and it presents very similar to MI.

Answer 6

Media

Ascending

Question 7

Both Giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis are _____ cell vasculitidies. Which is the most common and affects branches of the carotid and opthalmic arteries?

Answer 7

Large cell

Giant cell is most common

Question 8

Giant Cell arteritis more commonly affects _____ (males or females?) who present with headache and radiating facial pain. Look for beading of arteries in the ______ area of the face/head. Histology will show ____+ T-Cells, and of course, Giant cells.

Answer 8

Females

Temporal

CD4+ T-cells

Question 9

In contrast to Giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis typically occurs in ____ (young or middle aged?) females. Also, it is more common in the vessels branching from the _____ _____, rather than the carotids.

Answer 9

Young females

Aortic Arch

Question 10

Poly Arteritis Nodosum (PAN) has a characteristic ______ necrotizing inflammatory appearance and affects mostly the kidney, heart, and liver. Which organ does it spare?

Answer 10

Segmental

Lungs

Question 11

Kawasaki disease typically occurs in children under ____ years old. They present most often with rash on the palms and soles of feet and eye and mouth _____ membrane redness/erosion. Coronary arteries may be involved.

Answer 11

4 years old

Mucous membrane

Question 12

Breuger disease (Thromboangitis obliterans) can cause acute and chronic inflammation of the arm and leg vessels. What is the biggest risk factor?

Answer 12

Smoking Cigarettes

Question 13

Wegner’s Granulomatosis is a small to medium-sized vessel disease. 95% of patients are ___-ANCA+. Patients typically present with a classic triad including Necrotizing granulommas of the ______ tract (Helps distinguish it from PAN), Kidneys, and small to medium-sized vessels. It is more common in _____ (males or females?).

Answer 13

c-ANCA+

Respiratory tract

Males

Question 14

Churg Strauss syndrome is a _____ reaction, so it’s characterized by _____ infiltrate.

Answer 14

Allergic

Neutrophil

Question 15

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is characterized by apop and fragmentation of ______ around capillaries.

Answer 15

Neutrophils

Question 16

Hemorrhoids are varicosities of the _______ venous plexus.

Answer 16

Anorectal venous plexus

Question 17

Esophageal varices are typically a complication of ____ hypertension in cirrhosis.

Answer 17

Portal hypertension

Question 18

Homan sign, which is positive when a patient experiences pain on forced dorsiflexion of the foot, may indicate _________.

Answer 18

Thrombophlebitis