Lecture 16 - Heart Failure

Question 1

Heart failure with impaired systolic function is Heart Failure with _____ Ejection Fraction (HFrEF), while Heart Failure with impaired DIASTOLIC function is Heart Failure with _______ Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)

Answer 1

Reduced

Preserved

Question 2

HFpEF is most prevalent in _____ (males or females), and increases with age, while HFrEF is slightly more common in ______ (males or females) and also increases with age.

Answer 2

Females

Males

Question 3

_____ (an adrenergic hormone of the Sympathetic system) is cardio toxic and causes Contractile dysfunction. Mortality can be correlated with levels of this hormone in patients with reduced pump function/CO.

Answer 3

NE

Question 4

HF Stage Classification is on the following scale: ABCD. What do the letters indicate?

Answer 4

A - high risk for developing HF
B - Asymptomatic HF
C - Symptomatic HF
D - End-stage HF

Question 5

HF can also be classified based on Symptoms. How does that scale classify HF?

Answer 5

Class 1 - no undue dyspnea or fatigue from Ordinary activity

Class II - Ordinary activity results in fatigue or dyspnea

Class III - Less than ordinary activity results in fatigue or dyspnea

Class IV - Fatigues and dyspnea at rest.

Question 6

HF patients may show _______ (low blood Na+) because they retain more water than salt.

Answer 6

Hyponatremia

Question 7

ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of ______ (along with its other function), which promote vasodilation.

Answer 7

Bradykinin

Question 8

Angitensin 1 can be converted to Angiotensin II via the ____ pathway.

Answer 8

Chymase

Question 9

Entresto prevents the breakdown of _____ peptides by endopeptidase and acts as an ARB.

Answer 9

Natriuretic peptide

Question 10

A patient with an LBBB will always exhibit decreased ______ because the Left ventricle contracts while the ventricular septum relaxes.

Answer 10

CO