Lecture 2: Cardiac Anatomy and Coronary Imaging

Question 1

Stroke Volume (SV) = _____ - _____.

Answer 1

EDV - ESV, where EDV is the amount of blood collected in a ventricle during diastole and ESV is the amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction.

Question 2

Cardiac Output (CO) = ____ x ____

Answer 2

CO = SV x HR

Question 3

Gadolinium (Gd) is used as a contrast agent in cardiac imaging to detect areas of infarct. How does it do so?

Which layer of the heart is most affected following infarct?

Answer 3

Gd cannot enter intact cells, so it remains in extracellular space. If there is cell membrane disruption (due to infarct), it will appear on imaging as a white area.

The endocardium, bc it is the most downstream.

Question 4

If the ______ (which layer?) is not damaged but other layers are, this indicates the damage was NOT caused by ischemia/heart attack.

Answer 4

Endocardium