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AU2017 Physio Exam 3 > Lecture 7- Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Lecture 7- Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

5 basic categories of useable food (energy sources)

A 
carbs
proteins
fats
vitamins
minerals
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2
Q

glucose/galactose is brought into the cell by …. transporter

A

SGLT1

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3
Q

fructose is brought into the cell by …. transporter

A

GLUT5

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4
Q

Monosacarrhides (Glucose, galactose and fructose) are brought into the blood by …

A

GLUT2

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5
Q

complex carbs are broken down into …. by … and …

A

monosaccharides

amylase

lactase

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6
Q

after complex carbs are broken down, the monosaccharides are taken up by epithelial cells by… and …. and then passed into the blood by…

A

SGLT1
GLUT5

GLUT2

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7
Q

proteins are broken down into peptides in 2 locations

A

stomach

small intestine

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8
Q

in the stomach, …is produced which is cleaved to …. and this degrades proteins

A

pepsinogen

pepsin

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9
Q

the pancreas releases these 4 pro-enzymes into small intestine to digest proteins. They must be converted into active enzymes which is initiated by …

A

trypsinogen
cymotrypsinogen
procarboxypeptidase A&B
proelastase

enteropeptidase

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10
Q

… is an essential protease for cleavage of proteins

A

trypsin

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11
Q

where is the enteropeptidase located

A

brush border

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12
Q

peptides are broken down into

A

amino acids

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13
Q

2 broad classes of transporters for amino acids:

A

Na dependent

Na independent

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14
Q

T/F the subclasses of transporters are not specific for certain types of amino acids

A

false

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15
Q

transporters for amino acids are located on … and ….

A

brush border

basolateral membrane

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16
Q

protein is degraded by … and …

A

HCl and proteases

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17
Q

T/F ALL of the proteases that degrade protein are released as proenzymes

A

true

18
Q

Triglyceride is broken down into …. and …. by ….

A

monoglyceride
2 fatty acids

lipase

19
Q

3 sources of lipase

A

lingual
gastric
pancreatic

20
Q

fatty acid absorption occurs in the … (primarily ….) but digestion occurs in … and …

A

small intestine
duodenum

stomach
duodenum

21
Q

T/F fats are not water soluble but lipases are

A

true

22
Q

fat films are emulsified … and by …. agents

A

mechanically

emulsifying

23
Q

gastric emptying is slowed by …

A

fats

24
Q

… help to breakdown a fat globule into droplets

A

bile salts (glycocholic acid) and phospholipids

25
Q

how does lipase interact with fat?

A

colipase

26
Q

colipase breaks down fat droplets into …

A

micelles

27
Q

how do micelles enhance absorption of fatty acids?

A
  1. micelles are in equilibrium with free fatty acids

2. micelles are constantly breaking down and reforming

28
Q

T/F fatty acids and monoglycerides are found in the blood

A

false. triglycerides are

29
Q

how is B12 brought into the cell?

A

intrinsic factor

30
Q

water soluble vitamins are absorbed by facilitated or active transport except …

A

B12

31
Q

most water absorption occurs in the …

A

small intestine

32
Q

water follows the concentration gradients of solutes which is dependent upon …

A

Na+

33
Q

what dictates water absorption in the small and large intestine?

A

Na+

34
Q

T/F absorption of Na can occur against a small electrochemical gradient

A

true

35
Q

Na absorption is highest in areas where ….

A

glucose/galactase or amino acids are being transported

36
Q

Cl-, HCO3, K+ are absorbed in part due to …

A

Na+

37
Q

absorption of calcium is strongly enhanced by …

A

vitamin D

38
Q

Calcium is absorbed by … and are soluble at …

A

all segments of the small intestine

low pH

39
Q

Absorption of Fe2+ is very ….

A

inefficient (less than 10% absorbed)

40
Q

… enhances absorption of Fe2+

A

stomach

41
Q

Can Fe3+ be absorbed?

A

no

AU2017 Physio Exam 3 (12 decks)

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