Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AU2017 Physio Exam 3 > Lecture 2- Mechanics of breathing and gas exchange > Flashcards

Lecture 2- Mechanics of breathing and gas exchange Flashcards

1
Q

compliance is regulated by … and …

A

lung elasticity

surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

compliance is the inverse of …. and is indicative of the amount of … … needed to ventilate the lung

A

stiffness

muscle force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

if you increase surface tension, then you … pressure

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

if you decrease radius, you … pressure

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

surfactant reduces … … by decreasing density of water molecules at air-water interface

A

surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

surfactant is an …. …. + protein molecule that forms a monolayer between air and water

A

amphipathic phospholipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F surfactant has a greater effect in larger alveoli than small

A

false. greater effect on small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

surfactant does not create additional surface tension and will … compliance

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

production of surfactant is regulated by … receptors in type 2 cells; so … breathing increases surfactant production

A

stretch

deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which is more important in increasing lung compliance?

overcoming surface tension

lung elasticity

A

overcoming surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the 2nd leading cause of death in premature infants?

A

ARDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

surfactant deficiency leads to…

A

respiratory distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

whats is the therapy for ARDs?

A

mechanical ventilation and artificial surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if resistance is increased than you breathe more …. to increase change in pressure.
You breathe more … because airflow during expiration is limited

A

deeply

slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

if compliance is decreased then you breathe more … to compensate for reduced change in volume and change in pressure.
You breathe more …. to minimize muscle effort

A

rapidly

shallowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

… causes increased airway resistance because of inappropriate contraction of smooth muscle

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how can asthma be treated

A

glucocorticoud therapy and/or bronchodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

… increases airway resistance and is often associated with smoking

A

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

…. is a disease where the alveolar tissues are damaged or destroyed perhaps due to overproduction of proteolytic enzymes

A

emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

emphysema results in airway …, lack of … and difficulty in …

A

collapse
recoil
expiring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

… is when mucus or inflammation impairs airflow and this leads to increased … and … breathing

A

chronic bronchitis

resistance

deeper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

inspiratory reserve volume is …. x the tidal volume

A

6x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

expiratory reserve volume is …. x the tidal volume

A

3x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

… volume is the amount of air that stays in the lungs after maximum expiration

A

residual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

clinically relevant measures of lung volumes

A

vital capacity

forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

in a healthy lung, FEV1 is usually … % of vital capacity

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

equation for vital capacity?

A

IRV+ERV+TV

~5000ml

28
Q

equation for total lung capacity?

A

vital capacity + residual volume

~6000ml

29
Q

in obstructive lung diseases, FEV1 is … and vital capacity is …

A

decreased

normal

30
Q

in restricted lung disease, FEV1 is … and vital capacity is …

A

normal

decreased

31
Q

the equation for minute ventilation is…. but not all air reaches alveoli so must consider …

A

resp. rate x tidal V

32
Q

anatomical dead space is about …. ml

A

150ml

33
Q

the equation for alveolar ventilation

A

(tidal V- dead space) x respiratory rate

34
Q

which is better at increasing alveolar ventilation?

increasing resp. rate or increasing tidal volume?

and why?

A

increasing tidal volume (because of the anatomical dead space)

35
Q

alveolar deadspace exists when there is a mismatch between … and …

A

ventilation and bloodflow

36
Q

alveolar dead space is always greater than…. even in normal lungs due to the effects of … on bloodflow

A

zero

gravity

37
Q

… dead space is the sum of anatomical dead space and alveolar dead space

A

physiologic

38
Q

… Law says that for a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual (partial) pressures

A

Dalton’s

39
Q

Dalton’s law states that a pressure exerted by a gas is …. of pressure exerted by other gases

A

independent

40
Q

… Law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with the liquid

A

Henry’s

41
Q

partial pressure vs. concentration of a gas in a liquid depends on …. (3)

A

which gas it is

partial pressure of the gas

temperature

42
Q

what 3 things affect alveolar PO2?

A

atmospheric PO2

rat of alveolar ventilation

rate of cellular O2 consumption

43
Q

… is when ventilation is decreased relative to metabolism.

So there will be a … in alveolar PO2 and a … in alveolar PCO2

A

hypoventilation

decrease

increase

44
Q

…. is when ventilation is increased relative to metabolism

So there will be a …. in alveolar PO2 and a … in alveolar PCO2

A

hyper ventilation

increase

decrease

45
Q

as you go to higher altitudes, the partial pressure of … decreases so it is not able to diffuse as easily into the lungs because there is less of a pressure gradient

A

oxygen

46
Q

equation for lung compliance

A

change in volume of lung / change in pressure (ptp)

47
Q

… is the measure of the intermolecular attractive forces that stabilize liquid. these forces pull molecules together at the air-liquid interface

A

surface tension

48
Q

for polar molecules like water, surface tension is created by ….

A

electrostatic force

49
Q

alveoli are connected to e/o so the smallest ones are at a greater risk of …

A

collapsing

50
Q

COPD is a result of these 2 conditions together

A

emhysema

chronic bronchitis

51
Q

Tidal volume is about … mL and is the volume entering lungs per breath

A

500ml

52
Q

inspiratory reserve volume is the max inspired and it is about

A

3000ml

53
Q

expiratory reserve volume is the volume exhaled past TV and is about….

A

1500ml

54
Q

residual volume is the volume in lungs after MAX expiration and its about

A

1000ml

55
Q

partial pressure of O2 in air

A

160

56
Q

partial pressure of O2 in alveoli

A

105

57
Q

partial pressure of CO2 in air

A

0.3

58
Q

partial pressure of CO2 in alveoli

A

40

59
Q

partial pressure of O2 in alveolar venous capillaries

A

40

60
Q

partial pressure of CO2 in alveolar venous capillaries

A

46

61
Q

partial pressure of O2 in systemic arteries

A

100

62
Q

partial pressure of CO2 in systemic arteries

A

40

63
Q

partial pressure of O2 in tissues

A

less than 40

64
Q

partial pressure of CO2 in tissues

A

greater than 46

65
Q

partial pressure of O2 in veins

A

40

66
Q

partial pressure of CO2 in veins

A

46

AU2017 Physio Exam 3 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions