Lecture 5- Speech

Question 1

intelligibility really means … so it depends on the listener (familiar vs. unfamiliar)

Answer 1

understandibility

Question 2

… is the hallmark of someone who does not have good fluency

Answer 2

stuttering

Question 3

… is the rate, rhythm, “smoothness” of speech production

Answer 3

fluency

Question 4

speech production requires airflow from the lungs (…) to be phonated through the vocal folds of the larynx (…) and resonated in the vocal cavities (…) shaped by the jaw, soft palate, lips, tongue, and other articulators (…) in a timely and coordinated fashion

Answer 4

respiration

phonation

resonance

articulation

Question 5

… is when sound waves are created by vibration of the vocal cords

Answer 5

phonation

Question 6

in phonation, the vocal folds … leading to an increase in subglottal pressure forcing the folds apart creating vibration. This ends when you take a breath and the folds …

Answer 6

adduct

abduct

Question 7

incidence of pediatric voice disorders range from 6-23%, boradly referred to as …

Answer 7

dysphonia

Question 8

most common cause of pediatric dysphonia

Answer 8

vocal nodules

Question 9

T/F vocal nodules usually require surgery

Answer 9

false. usually jusy behavioral voice treatment

Question 10

T/F vocal fold cysts usually requires surgery

Answer 10

true. surgical removal AND possibly voice therapy too

Question 11

treatment for laryngeal web?

Answer 11

surgical resection (may require multiple surgeries)

Question 12

T/F oral pathologists can be considered physical therapists of the mouth so they practice oral-motor therapy

Answer 12

false

Question 13

T/F if we make the mouth stronger it will help speech

Answer 13

false

Question 14

2 types of motor speech disorders

Answer 14

dysarthria (common in adults)

childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)

Question 15

… is the collective name for a group of neurologic speech disorders resulting from abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone or accuracy of movements required for control of the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, and prosodic aspects of speech phonation

Answer 15

dysarthria

Question 16

T/F dysarthria can be congenital or acquired

Answer 16

true

Question 17

T/F pediatric dysarthria is difficult to diagnose and classify due to the effect of the motor speech disorder on the emerging language and speech processing/production systems

Answer 17

true

Question 18

….. is a neurological childhood speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neuromuscular deficits

Answer 18

childhood apraxia of speech

Question 19

treatments for a significant hypernasal motor speech disorder

Answer 19

palatal lift or VPD surgery

Question 20

hypernasality is associated with ..

Answer 20

velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD)

Question 21

hyponasality is usually associated with… (5)

Answer 21

nasal obstruction
midface hypoplasia
septal deviation
choanal atresia
adenoid hypertrophy

Question 22

which muscle is most important for velopharyngeal closure?

Answer 22

levator veli palatini

Question 23

… opens the eustacian tube to equalize middle ear pressure; it “tensens” the velum (soft palate)

Answer 23

tensor veli palatini

Question 24

the …. contribute to medial movement of lateral walls an forward movement of posterior pharyngeal walls

Answer 24

superior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 25

conclusions should never be made about VP closure for speech based on observations during …

Answer 25

nonspeech activities

Question 26

what are the 3 different types of VPD (VPI)

Answer 26

velopharyngeal insufficiency

velopharyngeal incompetency

velopharyngeal mislearning

Question 27

VP … is caused when there is a short soft palate which could be congenital/following a palate repair, post-adenoidectomy, palatopharyngeal dysproportion, 22q11.1 deletion syndrome, palatal rescetion due to cancer or trauma to palate

Answer 27

insufficiency

Question 28

VP … is when there is enough tissue but there is a muscle problem

Answer 28

incompetency

Question 29

standard age of treatment of VPD is ..

Answer 29

4

Question 30

dental issues in CLP

Answer 30

delayed dental eruption
missing laterals
hypoplastic teeth
supernumerary teeth

Question 31

class… is common in CLP

Answer 31

3

Question 32

class … is more common in children with CPO

Answer 32

2

Question 33

patients with CLP tend to have maxillary/midface …

Answer 33

hypoplasia

Question 34

3 most common types of surgical treatment for VPD

Answer 34

pharyngeal flap
sphincter pharyngoplasty
furlow z-palatoplasty

Question 35

main risk of VPD surgery?

Answer 35

obstructive sleep apnea (5% of cases)

Question 36

what kind of speech prostheses is made when the palate is too short?

Answer 36

speech bulb

Question 37

what kind of speech prostheses is used when the palate is long enough but lacks adequate movement

Answer 37

palatal lift