Lecture 5- Speech Flashcards
intelligibility really means … so it depends on the listener (familiar vs. unfamiliar)
understandibility
… is the hallmark of someone who does not have good fluency
stuttering
… is the rate, rhythm, “smoothness” of speech production
fluency
speech production requires airflow from the lungs (…) to be phonated through the vocal folds of the larynx (…) and resonated in the vocal cavities (…) shaped by the jaw, soft palate, lips, tongue, and other articulators (…) in a timely and coordinated fashion
respiration
phonation
resonance
articulation
… is when sound waves are created by vibration of the vocal cords
phonation
in phonation, the vocal folds … leading to an increase in subglottal pressure forcing the folds apart creating vibration. This ends when you take a breath and the folds …
adduct
abduct
incidence of pediatric voice disorders range from 6-23%, boradly referred to as …
dysphonia
most common cause of pediatric dysphonia
vocal nodules
T/F vocal nodules usually require surgery
false. usually jusy behavioral voice treatment
T/F vocal fold cysts usually requires surgery
true. surgical removal AND possibly voice therapy too
treatment for laryngeal web?
surgical resection (may require multiple surgeries)
T/F oral pathologists can be considered physical therapists of the mouth so they practice oral-motor therapy
false
T/F if we make the mouth stronger it will help speech
false
2 types of motor speech disorders
dysarthria (common in adults)
childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)
… is the collective name for a group of neurologic speech disorders resulting from abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone or accuracy of movements required for control of the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, and prosodic aspects of speech phonation
dysarthria
T/F dysarthria can be congenital or acquired
true
T/F pediatric dysarthria is difficult to diagnose and classify due to the effect of the motor speech disorder on the emerging language and speech processing/production systems
true
….. is a neurological childhood speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neuromuscular deficits
childhood apraxia of speech
treatments for a significant hypernasal motor speech disorder
palatal lift or VPD surgery
hypernasality is associated with ..
velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD)
hyponasality is usually associated with… (5)
nasal obstruction midface hypoplasia septal deviation choanal atresia adenoid hypertrophy
which muscle is most important for velopharyngeal closure?
levator veli palatini
… opens the eustacian tube to equalize middle ear pressure; it “tensens” the velum (soft palate)
tensor veli palatini
the …. contribute to medial movement of lateral walls an forward movement of posterior pharyngeal walls
superior pharyngeal constrictors
conclusions should never be made about VP closure for speech based on observations during …
nonspeech activities
what are the 3 different types of VPD (VPI)
velopharyngeal insufficiency
velopharyngeal incompetency
velopharyngeal mislearning
VP … is caused when there is a short soft palate which could be congenital/following a palate repair, post-adenoidectomy, palatopharyngeal dysproportion, 22q11.1 deletion syndrome, palatal rescetion due to cancer or trauma to palate
insufficiency
VP … is when there is enough tissue but there is a muscle problem
incompetency
standard age of treatment of VPD is ..
4
dental issues in CLP
delayed dental eruption
missing laterals
hypoplastic teeth
supernumerary teeth
class… is common in CLP
3
class … is more common in children with CPO
2
patients with CLP tend to have maxillary/midface …
hypoplasia
3 most common types of surgical treatment for VPD
pharyngeal flap
sphincter pharyngoplasty
furlow z-palatoplasty
main risk of VPD surgery?
obstructive sleep apnea (5% of cases)
what kind of speech prostheses is made when the palate is too short?
speech bulb
what kind of speech prostheses is used when the palate is long enough but lacks adequate movement
palatal lift