Lecture 6- Gastrointestinal Flashcards
4 digestive functions of saliva
taste
lubricant
initiates digestion of starch
initiates digestion of fat
major source of amylase?
parotid gland
the parotid is a … gland that produces a …. secretion
serous
watery
Where is the parotid (stensens) duct?
opposite upper 2nd molar
the submandibular (whartons) duct opens…
beneath the base of the tongue
what kind of secretions come from the submandibular gland?
mixed; serous and mucous
T/F the submandibular gland is active at rest
true
secretions from the submandibular gland include…
water, electrolytes, mucin
amylase breaks down?
carbs
when does carbohydrate digestion begin?
in the mouth
the sublingual gland produces mostly … and ducts are found on …
mucous
anterior floor
what are the 5 minor salivary glands that contribute to 5-10% of total saliva and harbor lymphocytes
labial palatine buccal lingual (von ebners) sublingual mucosae
… glands have a complex secretory composition that facilitates contact with taste buds and rinses ducts of circumvallate and foliate papillae
von ebners
T/F von ebners glands are involved in taste
true
von ebners glands secrete …. which initiates …. digestion
lingual lipase
fatty acid
T/F fatty acid and carb digestion begins in the mouth
true
pH highly buffered … to…
6.7 to 7.4
what is the most important mechanism in salivary fluid secretion
sodium potassium ATPase pump
in salivary fluid secretion, intracellular Na is kept … , intracellular K is kept … and intracellular Cl is kept …
low
high
high
In unstimulated cells, calcium levels are … and calcium activated K and Cl channels are closed
low
upon stimulation, calcium … the Cl and K channels
opens
Na leaks through tight junctions to follow…
Cl
The acini are where … secretion takes place and it is H2O …
primary
permeable
The duct is where … modification takes place and it it H2O …
secondary
impermeable
what is the most abundant protein in saliva?
mucin
mucin is predominately produced by … and … glands
sublingual and submandibular
mucin is a …. rich protein
carbohydrate
amylase is predominately produced by the … gland
parotid
amylase is packaged in … granules
zymogen
… initiates the breakdown of starch
amylase
T/F mucin is produced by the parotid gland
false
… is a digestive protein that is produced by von ebners glands
lingual lipase
what are 3 immune-associated proteins in the saliva?
muramidase (lyse muramic acid in cell wall of bacteria)
immunoglobulins
lactoferrin (binds iron)
T/F calcium binding proteins and growth factors are present in the saliva
true
T/F parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems have a role in the secretio of saliva
true
In parasympathetic innervation, the facial (7) nerve innervates which glands?
glands of palate and nose
sublingual
submandibular
In parasympathetic innervation, the glossopharyngeal nerve (9) innervates which glands?
parotid
lingual
what components of saliva secretion are innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
acinar cells
ductal cells
blood vessels
myoepithelial cells
the parasympathetic system produces more of a …. saliva and the sympathetic system produces more of a …. saliva
watery
viscous
the key neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic system for salivation is …
acetylcholine
the key neurotransmitter in the sympathetic system for salivation is …
norepinephrine
mechanoreceptors in the … and … stimulate saliva production. they synapse in the … and … nucleus
PDL
tastebuds
trigeminal
solitary
… stimulation greatly enhances protein secretion (especially through …. receptors). this is mediated through …. signaling
sympathetic
beta-adrenergic
GPCR
what autoimmune disorder can cause xerostomia
sjorgrens syndrome
