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AU2017 Physio Exam 3 > Lecture 4- Control of Respiration > Flashcards

Lecture 4- Control of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

inspiration requires …. in motor neurons

A

action potentials

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2
Q

expiration due to … of motor neuron activity and lung …

A

cessation

recoil

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3
Q

rhythmic contraction is controlled by … neurons

A

pacemaker

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4
Q

activity of pacemaker neurons can be modulated by activity of …

A

pulmonary stretch receptors

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5
Q

The Hering–Breuer inflation reflex is a reflex triggered to prevent … of the lung. Pulmonary stretch receptors present in the smooth muscle of the airways respond to excessive stretching of the lung during large inspirations.

A

over-inflation

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6
Q

activity of pacemaker neurons can also be modulated by ….. which have inhibitory effects and can result in death

A

drugs (barbituates and opiates/morphine)

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7
Q

3 things that can affect the activity of pacemaker neurons

A

pulmonary stretch receptors

drugs

partial pressures of respiratory gases and [H+]

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8
Q

if there is a decrease in PO2 then what happens to ventilation rate

A

increase

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9
Q

if there is an increase in PCO2 or [H+] then what happens to the ventilation rate?

A

increase

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10
Q

the regulation of ventilation rate by respiratory gases and [H+] involves … in two locations

A

chemoreceptors

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11
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors (aortic and carotid bodies) are stimulated by … [H+} or … PO2

A

increased [H+}

decreased PO2

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12
Q

central chemoreceptors are stimulated by …. [H+] in extracellular fluid in brain

A

increased

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13
Q

T/F chemoreceptors can detect dissolved oxygen as well as oxygen bound to hgb

A

false. can only detect dissolved O2

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14
Q

ventilation rate increases below a PO2 of about … mmHg

A

60 (hgb is still 90% saturated, so vent rate responds well before blood is close to depleted)

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15
Q

is ventilation rate more sensitive to PO2 or PCO2?

A

PCO2

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16
Q

ventilation rate increases with a PCO2 above … mmHg

A

40

17
Q

which is the primary regulator? central or peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

central

18
Q

ventilation rate can be modified by non-respiratory sources of H+ such as … and …

A

metabolic acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

19
Q

metabolic acidosis can be caused by…

A

excess lactic acid (exercising)

diabetes (ketones)

20
Q

metabolic alkalosis can be caused by …

A

severe vomiting

21
Q

T/F anemia and carbon monoxide poisoning do not change ventilation rate

A

true

22
Q

why do anemia and carbon monoxide posioning not affect ventilation?

A

because the dissolved PO2 is the same but these conditions affect PO2 that is bound to hgb. so total PO2 is reduced but not the dissolved PO2

23
Q

why is increased PCO2 from exercise not the explanation for increase in ventilation during exercise?

A

increased PCO2 is in the venou blood (no receptors there)

in fact PCO2 can be decreased because of hyperventilation due to ventilation matching CO2 production or better

24
Q

why is decreased PO2 not the explanation for ventilation change during exercise?

A

decreased PO2 is in the venous blood

25
Q

why is increased [H+] not the explanation for increase in ventilation during exercise?

A

only during strenuous exercise

26
Q

what are other factors that have input to the respiratory center during exercise?

A

temperature
conditioned response
epi and K+
proprioceptors(joints)

27
Q

what is the most likely reason for increase in ventilation during exercise?

A

motor cortex that sends signals to muscles is also sending signals to the resp. center

28
Q

… is a deficiency of O2 at the tissue level

A

hypoxia

29
Q

… hypoxia happens with decreased arterial PO2

A

hypoxic (hypoxemia)

30
Q

… hypoxia is when there is normal arterial PO2 but decreased hgb O2 and decreased overall O2 content of the vlood

A

anemic

31
Q

… hypoxia is when blood flow to the tissues is too low

A

ischemic

32
Q

… hypoxia is when the cell are unable to utilize O2

A

histotoxic

example cyanide poisoning

33
Q

conditions that cause hypoxemia (4)

A

hypoventilation
diffusion impairment
vascular shunt
vent-perf inequality

34
Q

2 immediate responses to high altitude

A

stimulate ventilation

increased dependence on anaerobic glycolysis

35
Q

what are 3 delayed responses to high altitude (acclimatization)

A

increased erythropoesis–> polycythemia (stim by EPO from the kidney)

increased 2,3-DPG synthesis (shift curve to right)

increased synthesis of other components of O2 delivery (capillary density, myoglobin, mitochondria)

36
Q

you can train at high altitude to stimulate … production in response to low arterial PO2

A

EPO

37
Q

old school gene doping

A

RBC packing or use recombinant human EPO

38
Q

modern gene doping

A

use gene therapy to increase endogenous EPO

39
Q

dangerous side effects blood doping

A

increased blood viscosity

increased risk of stroke

high BP

autoimmune anemia

AU2017 Physio Exam 3 (12 decks)

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