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BMS2011 - Neuroscience > Lecture 7 - Excitatory synaptic function > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Excitatory synaptic function Flashcards

1
Q

Activation of postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors, causes a
transient ……..of ion channels allowing net influx of cations,
generating an …… current

A

opening, excitatory

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2
Q

…… glutamate receptors play a modulatory role in synaptic transmission

A

metabotropic

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3
Q

name 3 disorders in which glutamate plays a role in learning and memory

A

epilepsy, schizophrenia, brain damage

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4
Q

When the postsynaptic neuron is excitatory, the glutamatergic
synapse is usually found on which 2 locations of the excitatory cell?

A

spine or dendritic shaft

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5
Q

give an example of a postsynaptic excitatory neuron where the glutamatergic synapse is found on the spine or dendritic shaft

A

hippocampal pyramidal cell

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6
Q

When the postsynaptic neurons is inhibitory , the glutamatergic
synapse is usually found on which 2 locations of the inhibitory cell?

A

soma or dendritic shaft

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7
Q

give an example of a postsynaptic inhibitory interneuron on which the glutamatergic synapse is found on the soma or dendritic shaft

A

paralbumin-positive interneuron

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8
Q

name the 3 families of ionotropic glutamate receptors

A

AMPAR, KAINATER, NMDAR

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9
Q

which two classes of ionotropic glutamate receptors are mostly co-localised at glutamatergic synapses where they mediate fast chemical synaptic transmission

A

AMPARs and NMDARs

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10
Q

which class of ionotropic glutamate receptors open and close quickly and are responsible for the fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS

A

AMPAR

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11
Q

which 2 ions are AMPARs permeable to, which ion are some of them permeable to?

A

sodium and potassium, calcium

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12
Q

name the 4 subunits which make up AMPARs

A

GluA1,2,3,4

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13
Q

AMPAR activity can be regulated by second messenger cascades of which kinases?

A

PKA, PKC, CaMKII

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14
Q

how many types of subunit do NDMARs have? what do they form therefore?

A

3, tetramers

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15
Q

is the activation of NMDARs slow or fast?

A

slow

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16
Q

the activation of NMDARs requires the binding of glutamate and which co-agonist?

A

glycine

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17
Q

which 3 ions do NMDARs allow the entry of into the neuron?

A

sodium ,potassium ,calcium

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18
Q

NMDARs are sensitive to ligands and…..

A

voltage

19
Q

at RMP, NMDARs carry little current as which ions block permeability to cations? how is this block relieved?

A

magnesium, relieved by depolarisation

20
Q

the flux of which ion through
NMDARs is thought to play
a critical role in synaptic
plasticity - the cellular
mechanism for learning
and memory?

A

calcium

21
Q

which glutamate receptors open first, AMPA or NDMA?

A

AMPA

22
Q

give an example of a NMDAR antagonist, making it have fast synaptic transmission

A

D-AP5

23
Q

give an example of an AMPAR antagonist giving it slow synaptic transmission

A

SYM2206

24
Q

…… and …….
receptors generate the large and early
component of EPSCs, whereas …….
receptors contribute to the late component
of the EPSCs

A

AMPA and KAINATE, NMDA

25
Q

how many transmembrane domains do metabotropic glutamate receptors have and which 2 termini?

A

7, intracellular c and extracellular n

26
Q

how many subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors are there which embody the 3 distinct functional groups?

A

8

27
Q

group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors cleave PIP2 into which 2 products? which of these products diffuses into the cytoplasm and binds ER which releases calcium?

A

IP3 and DAG, IP3

28
Q

name the 5 effects of activating group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors

A

calcium release from stores, PKC increase, homer protein release, inhibition of K+ (increases excitability), less negative membrane potential

29
Q

the increase of PKC activity caused by activation of group 1 mGluRs enhances the activity of which ionotropic glutamate receptor type?

A

NMDAR

30
Q

which protein is Important for trafficking mGluRs into and out of
synapses and functionally connect mGluRs to iGluRs?

A

homer protein

31
Q

where are group 2 and 3 mGluRs located where they act as neuroprotective autoreceptors? what do they reduce in the terminal?

A

presynaptic terminals, reduce glutamate

32
Q

following which two events can excitotoxicity occur from glutamate destroying neurons?

A

trauma or hypoxia-ischaemia

33
Q

changes in synaptic efficiency can occur through which two forms? where do these occur in the brain-which part?

A

long term potentiation and long term depression, in hippocampus

34
Q

name the 3 pathways in hippocampal formation which display long term potentiation

A

perforant pathway, mossy fiber pathway, schaffer collaterals

35
Q

which 2 types of ionotropic glutamate receptors does the CA1 region have in the hippocampus (LTP)?

A

NMDA, AMPA

36
Q

when the calmodulin CaMKalpha2 is blocked does it stop or start long term potentiation?

A

stops it

37
Q

does self phosphorylation of CaMKalpha2 increase or decrease the duration of LTP?

A

increase

38
Q

Phosphorylation by CaMaKII causes conformational changes
in which ionotropic glutamate receptor?

A

AMPAR

39
Q

LTP at schaffer collateral CA3 synapses is due to the postsynaptic influx of which ion and the activity of what?

A

calcium, CaM kinase

40
Q

LTP AT MOSSY FIBER (DG)–CA3 SYNAPSES IS DUE TO
……… CALCIUM INFLUX AND ……./…. PATHWAY

A

presynaptic, cAMP/PKA

41
Q

LTP – AMPARs ……. into the postsynaptic membrane

LTD - AMPARs …… from the postsynaptic membrane

A

insertion, removal

42
Q

growth or shrinkage of the spine from LTP/LTD occurs via the reshaping of what?

A

actin cytoskeleton

43
Q

to initiate gene transcription which protein must CaMKalpha2 bind?

A

CREB protein

BMS2011 - Neuroscience (19 decks)

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