Lecture 19 - Subcortical contributions to motor control Flashcards

1
Q

name 4 conditions which can result from cerebellar lesions

A

tremor, hypermetria, dysdiadochokinesia and ataxic gait

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2
Q

in the cerebellar microcircuit purkinje cells form one layer with their axons going where?

A

white matter

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3
Q

parallel fibres cross with the dendrites of which type of cell in the cerebellar microcircuit?

A

purkinje cells

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4
Q

simple spikes which form the standard action potential are based on which ion? which type of fibre elicit them? via which mechanism?

A

sodium, parallel fibres, temporal summation

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5
Q

complex spikes are associated with large depolarisations causing a spike in which ion?

A

calcium

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6
Q

in which type of spike is there 1:1 coupling with climbing fibre and a low rate?

A

complex spikes

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7
Q

in which type of spike is there a high rate?

A

simple spikes

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8
Q

give an example of a type of cell in which the AP is similar to that of a complex spike?

A

cardiac cell

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9
Q

basal ganglia are a group of neurons in which part of the brain? what do they surround?

A

in midbrain, surround thalamus

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10
Q

which nucleus sits at the top of the basal ganglia? which group of neurons sit at the bottom and have a darker appearance?

A

caudate nucleus, substantia nigra

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11
Q

which group of neurons in the brain are lost in parkinsons (dopaminergic transmission decreases)?

A

susbtantia nigra

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12
Q

name some of the traits associated with basal ganglia disease: Parkinson’s

A

hypokinesia, akinesia, bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, micrographia, shuffling gait, lack of accessory movements, impaired balance

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13
Q

in huntington’s chorea which type of striatal cells are lost which inhibit GPe?

A

GABAergic

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14
Q

in parkinsons a treatment is to inhibit the subthalamic nucleus, what does this reduce the activity of?

A

GPi

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15
Q

when do sustantia nigra dopaminergic cells fire?

A

with reward

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16
Q

name 4 other basal ganglia pathologies other than parkinson’s

A

tourette’s, OCD, addiction, dystonia

17
Q

the spiny neurons of the striatum recieve inputs from which 2 brain areas on their dendrites? which substance can change inputs here?

A

cortex and thalamus, dopamine

18
Q

the cortex presents the basal ganglia a menu of movement options which are fed back to the cortex. the one which gives the most what is selected?

A

reward