Lecture 10 - Neuronal oscillations Flashcards
what does an MEG record changes in?
magnetic field changes with voltage changes
from which cells does an EEG record from? are they in the cortex or subcortex?
pyramidal cells in cortex
where does a MEG record oscillations from?
deeper brain structures like the hippocampus
generally, sensory processing attention and memory are ……. and ….. frequency oscillations
small and fast
describe the shape/speed of neuronal oscillations whilst sleeping
large and slow
give all the 5 types of oscillations/signals you would expect to record on an EEG from someone in deep sleep - are they low/high frequency?
slow waves, delta rhythms, theta, alpha, spindles - low frequency
give all the 4 types of signals/oscillations you would expect to record from an EEG of someone who is alert and awake/actively sensory processing - are they low or high frequency?
beta, low gamma, high gamma, ultrafast - high frequency
which type of oscillations increase in the hippocampus during goal directed navigation?
theta
the summation of voltage changes from which type of cells is essential in EEG recordings? which cell type generates rhythms and synapses at the pyramidal soma?
pyramidal cells, basket cells
the inhibition of what kind of interneurons generates gamma rhythms? what kind off junction connects the interneurons so that they can depolarise?
GABA, gap junctions
which technique can be used to investigate gamma oscillation activity, exciting neurons with light?
optogenetics
channelrhodopsins are only found in which type of cells?
parvalbumin
name the 3 executive functions of the prefrontal cortex
memory, attention, goal-directed planning
name the 2 regions of the brain which must talk to each other/need synchrony between their neurons to control spike timing in normal function
prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
which 2 neuronal oscillation types have increased coupling during task learning?
beta and gamma
name 3 cognitive dysfunction disorders where there are deficits in gamma activity
alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, autism
which 2 stages are light sleep?
stage 1 and 2
which 2 stages of sleep are slow wave sleep?
stages 3 and 4
after how many hours of being alseep does REM sleep start roughly?
3-4 hours
which 3 types of neuronal oscillation are critical for memory in human sleep? which stages of sleep do they occur in?
delta waves, spindles and fast spindles (in stage 2/3 and REM sleep)
which 2 stages of sleep are deep sleep and which stage is light sleep/dreaming?
deep = stages 3+4
light = REM
during sleep memory consolidation occurs where info is transferred from which part of the brain to which other part? what speed of oscillation does this generate which boosts learning?
from hippocampus to neocortex, slow
where is the fast learning store in the brain? where is the slow learning store?
fast - hippocampus
slow - neocortex
in alzheimer’s disease, memory deficits are correlated with….. spindle power (….. oscilations)
reduced, slow
