Lecture 2 - Cellular neuroanatomy Flashcards
name the 3 main functions of the cerebellum
coordination of muscle movement, maintaining posture and balance
which automatic functions can the brainstem carry out?
breathing, heart rate, temperature, circadian cycles, sneezing, vomiting
how many of the 12 cranial nerves originate in the brainstem?
ten
which ventricle goes into the brainstem?
forth ventricle
which 2 ventricles are located most superiorly in the brain? which ventricle sits beneath these 2?
lateral ventricles, third ventricle
name the 5 types of glial cells in the CNS/PNS
ependymal cells, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells
which type of glial cell lines the ventricles and guide cell migration during development?
ependymal
which type of glial cells are phagocytic?
microglia
which type of glial cells are the largest and are the most abdundant?
astrocytes
which type of neuronal cells are found in the cerebellum and release GABA?
purkinje cells
rank these cytoskeletal filaments in order of shortest diameter to longest: microfilaments, microtubules, neurofilaments
shortest: microfilalments (5nm)
neurofilaments (10nm)
microtubules (20nm)
which cytoskeletal filament runs the length of the axon, aiding transport down it in a neuron?
microtubule
membrane organelles in a neuron carry out ….. axonal transport which is …… and ……
fast, antero, retro
cytosolic proteins in a neuron carry out …… axonal transport which is purely …..
slow, anterograde
name the 4 ways in which neurons can be classified
by neurite number (unipolar,bipolar,multipolar), by dendritic tree (pyramid vs star vs spiny), by axon length and by neurotransmitter type
what do oligodendroytes provide around axons in the brain and the spinal cord? what provides this in the PNS?
myelin sheath, schwann cells
what is the function of astrocytes relating to to neurons and neuronal connections?
fill the space between neurons and induce,stabilise and modulate neuronal connections
by which 2 ways do astrocytes regulate the content of the extracellular space?
recycle neurotransmitters, possess neurotransmitter receptors themselves
name the 5 functions of astrocytes
- Fill almost all of the space between
neurons - Induce, stabilise, and modulate neuronal
connections - Regulate content of extracellular space
- Regulate blood flow to areas of neuronal
activity - Control CNS regeneration
Astrocytes
name the 3 functions of the BBB
maintains stable brain environment, barrier to poisons and chemicals, regulates nutrient supplies e.g glucose
barriers around vessels in the BBB are formed from which type of glial cell?
astrocyte
what type of cellular junction is in the BBB so that there are no pores in blood vessels?
tight junction